SQL刪除重複資料,只保留一行

Cesar發表於2016-01-21

概述

在sql的使用中,我們總是碰到需要刪除重複資料的情況,但是又不能全部刪除完,必須要保留至少一個重複的資料。重複的記錄根據兩個欄位a2,a3判斷(實際使用中可以擴充為多個)

實現過程

1. 建立表A,資料如下

a1 a2 a3
1 1 1
2 1 2
3 2 2
4 2 2
5 3 3
6 2 2

2. 選擇重複的行:

 select *,count(*) 
 from A group by a2,a3 
 having count(*)>1;
a1 a2 a3 count(*)
3 2 2 3

使用in來找到我們想要的ID

SELECT *
FROM A 
WHERE (a2,a3) IN 
(SELECT A.`a2`,A.`a3` 
FROM A 
GROUP BY A.`a2`,A.`a3` 
HAVING COUNT(*)>1)
a1 a2 a3
3 2 2
4 2 2
6 2 2

那麼後面就很好辦了:

3. 選出要刪除的值:

SELECT * 
FROM A 
WHERE (a2, a3) IN 
  (SELECT `a2`,`a3` 
  FROM A 
  GROUP BY A.`a2`,A.`a3` 
  HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) 
  AND a1 NOT IN 
  (SELECT MIN(a1) 
  FROM A 
  GROUP BY A.`a2`,A.`a3` 
  HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) ;

-- 結果是保留a1最小的值,其他選項全部選出,
-- 請注意此時並不是將Select 改為delete就可以了,如果你直接這樣改的話,會報如下錯誤:
-- You can`t specify target table `A` for update in FROM clause
-- 該錯誤提示你,不能先select出同一表中的某些值,再update這個表(在同一語句中)。所以要稍微修改一下。

4. 刪除值

sql語句如下:

//建立中間表
CREATE TABLE F(a1 INTEGER,a2 INTEGER,a3 INTEGER);
//將要刪除的資料插入中間表
INSERT INTO F (
SELECT *  
FROM A 
WHERE (a2, a3) IN (SELECT `a2`,`a3` 
  FROM A GROUP BY A.`a2`,A.`a3` 
  HAVING COUNT(*) > 1) 
  AND a1 NOT IN 
  (SELECT MIN(a1) FROM A 
  GROUP BY A.`a2`,A.`a3` 
  HAVING COUNT(*) > 1)) ;
//刪除中間表
DELETE FROM A WHERE a1 IN (SELECT a1 FROM F);
SELECT *FROM A;
a1 a2 a3
1 1 1
2 1 2
3 2 2
5 3 3

備註

如果說不用保留一行資料的話那麼就簡單多了,只需要一個很簡單的sql語句:

    DELETE FROM A WHERE (a2,a3) IN (SELECT a2,a3 FROM A GROUP BY a2,a3 HAVING COUNT(*)>1)

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