工作需要,對公司的MYSQL資料庫進行備份,趕上剛剛開始學python,看了一套簡單的python教學影片,簡單的寫了個備份指令碼,個人表示 對python 的class 、function、build-in function 、私有變數、全域性變數 等等,該怎麼用,啥時候用等 毫無概念 ,僅此記錄一下吧,也歡迎路過的pythoner賜教。
個人已知的一些問題:
1、該指令碼必須要求 mysql配置檔案內的所有行為 key=value的格式,並且不能存在多餘的註釋,否則ConfigParser模組解析配置檔案時會出錯,由於沒研究過ConfigParser是不是有容錯的方法可以呼叫,也沒時間寫容錯處理,而是透過整理my.ini 配置檔案使其符合ConfigParser的要求解決的。後面會附上我用的mysql配置檔案。
2、大量使用類私有成員變數,因為完全不知道python 變數、類方法、等等啥時候該私有化,以及有啥區別,只知道類私有成員變數在別的指令碼中import 或者繼承時,是不可見的。
3、比較多的進行檔案操作,以及傳值操作,目前只保證按正確格式傳值沒問題,沒有做多餘的容錯處理。 4、大量的在進行字串拼接,第一次寫運維相關指令碼,由於要呼叫系統命令,和傳遞很多引數,也不會subprocess模組,不知道別人寫運維指令碼都具體咋做,就直接拼接了。
5、其他未知的bug、未發現的邏輯錯誤等等。
環境:
- Server : Dell PowerEdge T110
- OS: CentOS 6.3_x86_64
- PythonVersion: 2.7.3
- MysqlVersion: 5.5.28 linux x86_64
MysqlBackupScript.py
#!/usr/bin/env python # coding: utf8 # script MysqlBackupScript # by Becareful # version v1.0 """ This scripts provides auto backup mysql(version == 5.5.x) database . """ import os import sys import datetime #用於生成備份檔案的日期 import linecache #用於讀取檔案的指定行 import ConfigParser #解析mysql配置檔案 class DatabaseArgs(object): """ """ __MYSQL_BASE_DIR = r'/usr/local/mysql' #mysql安裝目錄 __MYSQL_BIN_DIR = __MYSQL_BASE_DIR + '/bin' #mysql二進位制目錄 __MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE = r'/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf' #mysql配置檔案 __ONEDAY = datetime.timedelta(days=1) #一天的時長,用於計算下面的前一天和後一天日期 __TODAY = datetime.date.today() #當天日期格式為 YYYY-MM-DD __YESTERDAY = __TODAY - __ONEDAY #計算昨天日期 __TOMORROW = __TODAY + __ONEDAY #計算明天日期 __WEEKDAY = __TODAY.strftime('%w') #計算當天是一星期的星期幾 __MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS = { #用一個字典儲存mysqldump 命令備份資料庫的引數 'MYISAM': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ', 'INNODB': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F --single-transaction -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ' } __DUMP_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqldump' #mysqldump 命令的 路徑 用於dump mysql資料 __FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqladmin' #mysqladmin 命令的路徑 ,用於執行 flush-logs 生成每天增量binlog __BACKUP_DIR = r'/backup/' # 指定備份檔案存放的目錄 __PROJECTNAME = 'example' # 指定需要備份的資料庫對應的專案名,將來會生成 projectname-YYYY-MM-DD.sql 等檔案 __DATABASE_LIST = [] # 指定需要備份的資料庫名,可以是多個,使用列表 __HOST = 'localhost' __PORT = 3306 __USERNAME = 'root' __PASSWORD = '' __LOGINARGS = '' # 如果在localhost登陸,需要密碼,可以設定登陸的引數,具體在下面有說明 __LOGFILE = __BACKUP_DIR + '/backup.logs' def __init__(self, baseDir=__MYSQL_BASE_DIR, backDir=__BACKUP_DIR, engine='MYISAM', projectName=__PROJECTNAME, dbList=__DATABASE_LIST, host=__HOST, port=__PORT, user=__USERNAME, passwd=__PASSWORD): """ 例項化物件時傳入的引數,如不傳入預設使用類的私有成員變數作為預設值 :param baseDir: :param backDir: :param engine: :param projectName: :param dbList: :param host: :param port: :param user: :param passwd: """ self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = baseDir self.__BACKUP_DIR = backDir self.__PROJECTNAME = projectName self.__DATABASE_LIST = dbList self.__HOST = host self.__PORT = port self.__USERNAME = user self.__PASSWORD = passwd self.__ENGINE = self.__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS[engine] #下面定義瞭如需登陸時,引數 其實就是生成 這樣的格式 “-hlocalhost -uroot --password=‘xxxx’” self.__LOGINARGS = " -h" + self.__HOST + " -P" + str( self.__PORT) + " -u" + self.__USERNAME + " --password='" + self.__PASSWORD + "'" self.checkDatabaseArgs() #呼叫檢查函式 def __getconfig(self, cnf=__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE, item=None): # 解析mysql配置檔案的小函式,簡單封裝了下,傳入一個值作為my.cnf的key去查詢對應的value __mycnf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() __mycnf.read(cnf) try: return __mycnf.get("mysqld", item) except BaseException, e: sys.stderr.write(str(e)) sys.exit(1) def __getBinlogPath(self): # 取每天需要增量備份的binlog日誌的絕對路徑,從mysql的binlog.index檔案取倒數第二行 __BINLOG_INDEX = self.__getconfig(item='log-bin') + '.index' if not os.path.isfile(__BINLOG_INDEX): sys.stderr.write('BINLOG INDEX FILE: [' + __BINLOG_INDEX + ' ] NOT FOUND! \n') sys.exit(1) else: try: __BINLOG_PATH = linecache.getline(__BINLOG_INDEX, len(open(__BINLOG_INDEX, 'r').readlines()) - 1) linecache.clearcache() except BaseException, e: sys.stderr.write(str(e)) sys.exit(1) return __BINLOG_PATH.strip() def flushDatabaseBinlog(self): # 呼叫此函式,將會執行 mysqladmin flush-logs ,重新整理binlog日誌 return os.popen(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + ' flush-logs') def dumpDatabaseSQL(self): #|透過mysqladmin 對指定資料庫進行全備 if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql'): return os.popen(self.__DUMP_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + self.__ENGINE + ' '.join( self.__DATABASE_LIST) + ' >> ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str( self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql') else: sys.stderr.write('Backup File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql] already exists.\n') def dumpDatabaseBinlog(self):#透過copy2() 將需要備份的binlog日誌複製到指定備份目錄 if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]): from shutil import copy2 try: copy2(self.__getBinlogPath(), self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]) except BaseException, e: sys.stderr.write(str(e)) else: sys.stderr.write('Binlog File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1] + '] already exists\n' ) def checkDatabaseArgs(self): #對一些必要條件進行檢查 __rv = 0 if not os.path.isdir(self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR): #檢查指定的mysql安裝目錄是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL BASE DIR: [ ' + self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR + ' ] NOT FOUND\n') __rv += 1 if not os.path.isdir(self.__BACKUP_DIR): #檢查指定的備份目錄是否存在,如不存在自動建立 sys.stderr.write('BACKUP DIR: [ ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + ' ] NOT FOUND ,AUTO CREATED\n') os.makedirs(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME) if not os.path.isfile(self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE): #檢查mysql配置檔案是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL CONFIG FILE: [' + self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE + ' ] NOT FOUND\n') __rv += 1 if not os.path.isfile(self.__DUMP_COMMAND): #檢查備份資料庫時使用的mysqldump命令是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL DUMP COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n') __rv += 1 if not os.path.isfile(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND): #檢查重新整理mysql binlog日誌使用的mysqladmin命令是否存在 sys.stderr.write('MYSQL FLUSH LOG COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n') __rv += 1 if not self.__DATABASE_LIST: #檢查需要備份的資料庫列表是否存在 sys.stderr.write('Database List is None \n') __rv += 1 if __rv: # 判斷返回值,由於上述任何一步檢查失敗,都會導致 __rv 值 +1 ,只要最後__rv != 0就直接退出了。 sys.exit(1) def crontab(): # 使用字典,來進行相關引數傳遞,並例項化物件,呼叫相關方法進行操作 zabbix = { 'baseDir': '/usr/local/mysql/', 'backDir': '/backup/', 'projectName': 'Monitor', 'dbList': ['zabbix'], 'host': 'localhost', 'port': 3306, 'user': 'root', 'passwd': 'xxxxxxx' } monitor = DatabaseArgs(**zabbix) monitor.dumpDatabaseSQL() monitor.dumpDatabaseBinlog() monitor.flushDatabaseBinlog() if __name__ == '__main__': crontab()
my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/var/db.socket [mysqld] socket = /mysql/var/db.socket datadir = /mysql/db/ skip-external-locking = 1 skip-innodb = 0 key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 10M table_open_cache = 2048 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover = DEFAULT thread_cache_size = 32 query_cache_size = 32M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M tmp_table_size = 128M thread_stack = 192K skip-name-resolve = 1 max_connections = 65500 default-storage-engine = myisam federated = 0 server-id = 1 slave-skip-errors = all #log = /var/log/sql_query.log slow-query-log = 1 slow-query-log-file = /mysql/log/sql_query_slow.log long-query-time = 5 log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 log-slow-admin-statements = 1 log-bin = /mysql/var/log/binlog/bin-log log-error = /mysql/var/log/mysql.err master-info-file = /mysql/var/log/master.info relay-log = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin relay-log-index = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.index relay-log-info-file = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.info binlog_cache_size = 8M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 20M max_binlog_size = 1G binlog-ignore-db = mysql binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema binlog-ignore-db = information_schema replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema replicate-ignore-db = information_schema innodb_data_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/ innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:156M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/ log-slave-updates = 0 back_log = 512 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED max_heap_table_size = 246M interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_open_file = 327500 open_files_limit = 327500 [mysqldump] quick = 1 max_allowed_packet = 50M [mysql] auto-rehash = 1 socket = /mysql/var/db.socket safe-updates = 0 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 256M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout = 100
最終生成的備份目錄結構是這樣的
[root@zabbix backup]# find ./ ./ ./Monitor ./Monitor/2013-03-16-bin-log.000008 ./Monitor/2013-03-14-bin-log.000006 ./Monitor/2013-03-16-Monitor.sql ./Monitor/2013-03-15-Monitor.sql ./Monitor/2013-03-15-bin-log.000007 ./Monitor/2013-03-14-Monitor.sql ~END~