ORACLE SQL命令經典

--監控索引是否使用
alter index &index_name monitoring usage;
alter index &index_name nomonitoring usage;
select *
from v$object_usage
where index_name = &index_name;

--求資料檔案的I/O分佈
select df.name,phyrds,phywrts,phyblkrd,phyblkwrt,singleblkrds,readtim,writetim
from v$filestat fs,v$dbfile df
where fs.file#=df.file# order by df.name;

--求某個隱藏引數的值
col ksppinm format a54
col ksppstvl format a54
select ksppinm, ksppstvl
from x$ksppi pi, x$ksppcv cv
where cv.indx=pi.indx and pi.ksppinm like '_%' escape '' and pi.ksppinm like '%&parameer%';

--求系統中較大的latch
select name,sum(gets),sum(misses),sum(sleeps),sum(wait_time)
from v$latch_children
group by name having sum(gets) > 50 order by 2;

--求歸檔日誌的切換頻率(生產系統可能時間會很長)
select start_recid,start_time,end_recid,end_time,minutes from (select test.*, rownum as rn
from (select b.recid start_recid,to_char(b.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') start_time,
a.recid end_recid,to_char(a.first_time,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') end_time,round(((a.first_time-b.first_time)*24)*60,2) minutes
from v$log_history a,v$log_history b where a.recid=b.recid+1 and b.first_time > sysdate - 1
order by a.first_time desc) test) y where y.rn < 30

--求回滾段正在處理的事務
select a.name,b.xacts,c.sid,c.serial#,d.sql_text
from v$rollname a,v$rollstat b,v$session c,v$sqltext d,v$transaction e
where a.usn=b.usn and b.usn=e.xidusn and c.taddr=e.addr
and c.sql_address=d.address and c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value order by a.name,c.sid,d.piece;

--求出無效的物件
select 'alter procedure '||object_name||' compile;'
from dba_objects
where status='INVALID' and ōwner='&' and object_type in ('PACKAGE','PACKAGE BODY');
/
select owner,object_name,object_type,status from dba_objects where status='INVALID';

--求process/session的狀態
select p.pid,p.spid,s.program,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$process p,v$session s where s.paddr=p.addr;

--求當前session的狀態
select sn.name,ms.value
from v$mystat ms,v$statname sn
where ms.statistic#=sn.statistic# and ms.value > 0;

--求表的索引資訊
select ui.table_name,ui.index_name
from user_indexes ui,user_ind_columns uic
where ui.table_name=uic.table_name and ui.index_name=uic.index_name
and ui.table_name like '&table_name%' and uic.column_name='&column_name';

--顯示錶的外來鍵資訊
col search_condition format a54
select table_name,constraint_name
from user_constraints
where constraint_type ='R' and constraint_name in (select constraint_name from user_cons_columns where column_name='&1');

select rpad(child.table_name,25,' ') child_tablename,
rpad(cp.column_name,17,' ') referring_column,rpad(parent.table_name,25,' ') parent_tablename,
rpad(pc.column_name,15,' ') referred_column,rpad(child.constraint_name,25,' ') constraint_name
from user_constraints child,user_constraints parent,
user_cons_columns cp,user_cons_columns pc
where child.constraint_type = 'R' and child.r_constraint_name = parent.constraint_name and
child.constraint_name = cp.constraint_name and parent.constraint_name = pc.constraint_name and
cp.position = pc.position and child.table_name ='&table_name'
order by child.owner,child.table_name,child.constraint_name,cp.position;

--顯示錶的分割槽及子分割槽(user_tab_subpartitions)
col table_name format a16
col partition_name format a16
col high_value format a81
select table_name,partition_name,HIGH_VALUE from user_tab_partitions where table_name='&table_name'

--使用dbms_xplan生成一個執行計劃
explain plan set statement_id = '&sql_id' for &sql;
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

--求某個事務的重做資訊(bytes)
select s.name,m.value
from v$mystat m,v$statname s
where m.statistic#=s.statistic# and s.name like '%redo size%';

--求cache中快取超過其5%的物件
select o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name,count(b.objd)
from v$bh b,dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.object_id
group by o.owner,o.object_type,o.object_name
having count(b.objd) > (select to_number(value)*0.05 from v$parameter where name = 'db_block_buffers');

--求誰阻塞了某個session(10g)
select sid, username, event, blocking_session,
seconds_in_wait, wait_time
from v$session where state in ('WAITING') and wait_class != 'Idle';

--求session的OS程式ID
col program format a54
select p.spid "OS Thread", b.name "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s, v$bgprocess b
where p.addr = s.paddr and p.addr = b.paddr
UNION ALL
select p.spid "OS Thread", s.username "Name-User", s.program
from v$process p, v$session s where p.addr = s.paddr and s.username is not null;

--查會話的阻塞
col user_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ lpad(' ',decode(l.xidusn ,0,3,0))||l.oracle_username user_name, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$locked_object l,dba_objects o,v$session s
where l.object_id=o.object_id and l.session_id=s.sid order by o.object_id,xidusn desc ;

col username format a15
col lock_level format a8
col owner format a18
col object_name format a32
select /*+ rule */ s.username, decode(l.type,'tm','table lock', 'tx','row lock', null) lock_level, o.owner,o.object_name,s.sid,s.serial#
from v$session s,v$lock l,dba_objects o
where l.sid = s.sid and l.id1 = o.object_id(+) and s.username is not null ;

--求等待的事件及會話資訊/求會話的等待及會話資訊
select se.sid,s.username,se.event,se.total_waits,se.time_waited,se.average_wait
from v$session s,v$session_event se
where s.username is not null and se.sid=s.sid and s.status='ACTIVE' and se.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;

select s.sid,s.username,sw.event,sw.wait_time,sw.state,sw.seconds_in_wait
from v$session s,v$session_wait sw
where s.username is not null and sw.sid=s.sid and sw.event not like '%SQL*Net%' order by s.username;

--求會話等待的file_id/block_id
col event format a24
col p1text format a12
col p2text format a12
col p3text format a12
select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%' order by event;

select name,wait_time from v$latch l where exists (select 1 from (select sid,event,p1text, p1, p2text, p2, p3text, p3
from v$session_wait
where event not like '%SQL%' and event not like '%rdbms%' and event not like '%mon%'
) x where x.p1= l.latch#);

--求會話等待的物件
col owner format a18
col segment_name format a32
col segment_type format a32
select owner,segment_name,segment_type
from dba_extents
where file_id = &file_id and &block_id between block_id and block_id + blocks - 1;

--求buffer cache中的塊資訊
select o.OBJECT_TYPE, substr(o.OBJECT_NAME,1,10) objname , b.objd , b.status, count(b.objd)
from v$bh b, dba_objects o
where b.objd = o.data_object_id and o.owner = '&1' group by o.object_type, o.object_name,b.objd, b.status ;

--求日誌檔案的空間使用
select le.leseq current_log_sequence#, 100*cp.cpodr_bno/le.lesiz percentage_full
from x$kcccp cp,x$kccle le
where le.leseq =cp.cpodr_seq;

--求等待中的物件
select /*+rule */ s.sid, s.username, w.event, o.owner, o.segment_name, o.segment_type,
o.partition_name, w.seconds_in_wait seconds, w.state
from v$session_wait w, v$session s, dba_extents o
where w.event in (select name from v$event_name where parameter1 = 'file#'
and parameter2 = 'block#' and name not like 'control%')
and o.owner <> 'sys' and w.sid = s.sid and w.p1 = o.file_id and w.p2 >= o.block_id and w.p2 < o.block_id + o.blocks

--求當前事務的重做尺寸
select value
from v$mystat, v$statname
where v$mystat.statistic# = v$statname.statistic# and v$statname.name = 'redo size';

--喚醒smon去清除臨時段
column pid new_value Smon
set termout off
select p.pid from sys.v_$bgprocess b,sys.v_$process p where b.name = 'SMON' and p.addr = b.paddr
/
set termout on
oradebug wakeup &Smon
undefine Smon

--求回退率
select b.value/(a.value + b.value),a.value,b.value from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b
where a.statistic#=4 and b.statistic#=5;

--求DISK READ較多的SQL
select st.sql_text from v$sql s,v$sqltext st
where s.address=st.address and s.hash_value=st.hash_value and s.disk_reads > 300;

--求DISK SORT嚴重的SQL
select sess.username, sql.sql_text, sort1.blocks
from v$session sess, v$sqlarea sql, v$sort_usage sort1
where sess.serial# = sort1.session_num
and sort1.sqladdr = sql.address
and sort1.sqlhash = sql.hash_value and sort1.blocks > 200;

--求物件的建立程式碼
column column_name format a36
column sql_text format a99
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','&1') from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('INDEX','&1') from dual;

--求表的索引
set linesize 131
select a.index_name,a.column_name,b.status, b.index_type
from user_ind_columns a,user_indexes b
where a.index_name=b.index_name and a.table_name='&1';

求索引中行數較多的
select index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where num_rows > 10000 and blevel > 0
select table_name,index_name,blevel,num_rows,CLUSTERING_FACTOR,status from user_indexes where status <> 'VALID'

--求當前會話的SID，SERIAL#
select sid, serial# from v$session where audsid = SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID');

--求表空間的未用空間
col mbytes format 9999.9999
select tablespace_name,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 mbytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;

--求表中定義的觸發器
select table_name,index_type,index_name,uniqueness from user_indexes where table_name='&1';
select trigger_name from user_triggers where table_name='&1';

--求未定義索引的表
select table_name from user_tables where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns);

--執行常用的過程
exec print_sql('select count(*) from tab');
exec show_space2('table_name');

--求free memory
select * from v$sgastat where name='free memory';
select a.name,sum(b.value) from v$statname a,v$sesstat b where a.statistic# = b.statistic# group by a.name;

檢視一下誰在使用那個可以得回滾段，或者檢視一下某個可以得使用者在使用回滾段，找出領回滾段不斷增長的事務，再看看如何處理它，是否可以將它commit，再不行就看看能否kill它，等等, 檢視當前正在使用的回滾段的使用者資訊和回滾段資訊:
set linesize 121
SELECT r.name "ROLLBACK SEGMENT NAME ",l.sid "ORACLE PID",p.spid "SYSTEM PID ",s.username "ORACLE USERNAME"
FROM v$lock l, v$process p, v$rollname r, v$session s
WHERE l.sid = p.pid(+) AND s.sid=l.sid AND TRUNC(l.id1(+)/65536) = r.usn AND l.type(+) = 'TX' AND l.lmode(+) = 6 ORDER BY r.name;

--檢視使用者的回滾段的資訊
select s.username, rn.name from v$session s, v$transaction t, v$rollstat r, v$rollname rn
where s.saddr = t.ses_addr and t.xidusn = r.usn and r.usn = rn.usn

--生成執行計劃
explain plan set statement_id='a1' for &1;
--檢視執行計劃
select lpad(' ',2*(level-1))||operation operation,options,OBJECT_NAME,position from plan_table
start with id=0 and statement_id='a1' connect by prior id=parent_id and statement_id='a1'

--檢視記憶體中存的使用
select decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback') "Class",
sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,0,1)) "Not Dirty",sum(decode(bitand(flag,1),1,1,0)) "Dirty",
sum(dirty_queue) "On Dirty",count(*) "Total"
from x$bh group by decode(greatest(class,10),10,decode(class,1,'Data',2,'Sort',4,'Header',to_char(class)),'Rollback');

-- 檢視錶空間狀態
select tablespace_name,extent_management,segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;
select table_name,freelists,freelist_groups from user_tables;

--檢視系統請求情況
SELECT DECODE (name, 'summed dirty write queue length', value)/
DECODE (name, 'write requests', value) "Write Request Length"
FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ( 'summed dirty queue length', 'write requests') and value>0;

--計算data buffer 命中率
select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 40 and b.statistic# = 41 and c.statistic# = 42;

SELECT name, (1-(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets)))*100 H_RATIO FROM v$buffer_pool_statistics;

--檢視記憶體使用情況
select least(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_used,
max(b.value)/(1024*1024) shared_pool_size,greatest(max(b.value)/(1024*1024),sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))-
(sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024)) shared_pool_avail,((sum(a.bytes)/(1024*1024))/(max(b.value)/(1024*1024)))*100 avail_pool_pct
from v$sgastat a, v$parameter b where (a.pool='shared pool' and a.name not in ('free memory')) and b.name='shared_pool_size';

--檢視使用者使用記憶體情況
select username, sum(sharable_mem), sum(persistent_mem), sum(runtime_mem)
from sys.v_$sqlarea a, dba_users b
where a.parsing_user_id = b.user_id group by username;

--檢視物件的快取情況
select OWNER,NAMESPACE,TYPE,NAME,SHARABLE_MEM,LOADS,EXECUTIONS,LOCKS,PINS,KEPT
from v$db_object_cache where type not in ('NOT LOADED','NON-EXISTENT','VIEW','TABLE','SEQUENCE')
and executions>0 and loads>1 and kept='NO' order by owner,namespace,type,executions desc;

select type,count(*) from v$db_object_cache group by type;

--檢視庫快取命中率
select namespace,gets, gethitratio*100 gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio*100 pinhitratio,RELOADS,INVALIDATIONS from v$librarycache

--檢視某些使用者的hash
select a.username, count(b.hash_value) total_hash,count(b.hash_value)-count(unique(b.hash_value)) same_hash,
(count(unique(b.hash_value))/count(b.hash_value))*100 u_hash_ratio
from dba_users a, v$sqlarea b where a.user_id=b.parsing_user_id group by a.username;

--檢視字典命中率
select (sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)) ratio from v$rowcache;

--檢視undo段的使用情況
SELECT d.segment_name,extents,optsize,shrinks,aveshrink,aveactive,d.status
FROM v$rollname n,v$rollstat s,dba_rollback_segs d
WHERE d.segment_id=n.usn(+) and d.segment_id=s.usn(+);

--無效的物件
select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='INVALID';

--求出某個程式，並對它進行跟蹤
select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);

--求出鎖定的物件
select do.object_name,session_id,process,locked_mode
from v$locked_object lo, dba_objects do where lo.object_id=do.object_id;

--求當前session的跟蹤檔案
SELECT p1.value || '/' || p2.value || '_ora_' || p.spid || '.ora' filename
FROM v$process p, v$session s, v$parameter p1, v$parameter p2
WHERE p1.name = 'user_dump_dest' AND p2.name = 'instance_name'
AND p.addr = s.paddr AND s.audsid = USERENV('SESSIONID') AND p.background is null AND instr(p.program,'CJQ') = 0;

--求物件所在的檔案及塊號
select segment_name,header_file,header_block
from dba_segments where segment_name like '&1';

--求物件發生事務時回退段及塊號
select a.segment_name,a.header_file,a.header_block
from dba_segments a,dba_rollback_segs b
where a.segment_name=b.segment_name and b.segment_id='&1'

--9i的線上重定義表
/*如果線上重定義的表沒有主鍵需要建立主鍵*/
exec dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement');
create table anno2 as select * from announcement
exec dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.sync_interim_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
exec dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');
drop table anno2
exec dbms_redefinition.abort_redef_table('cybercafe','announcement','anno2');

--常用的logmnr指令碼(cybercafe)
exec sys.dbms_logmnr_d.build(dictionary_filename =>'esal',dictionary_location =>'/home/oracle/logmnr');
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_24050.dbf', ōptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.new);

exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22912.dbf', ōptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22913.dbf', ōptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec sys.dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(logfilename=>'/home/oracle/oradata/esal/archive/1_22914.dbf', ōptions=>sys.dbms_logmnr.addfile);

exec sys.dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/home/oracle/logmnr/esal.ora');
create table logmnr2 as select * from v$logmnr_contents;

--與許可權相關的字典
ALL_COL_PRIVS 表示列上的授權，使用者和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_COL_PRIVS_MADE 表示列上的授權，使用者是屬主和被授予者
ALL_COL_RECD 表示列上的授權，使用者和PUBLIC是被授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS 表示物件上的授權，使用者是PUBLIC或被授予者或使用者是屬主
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_MADE 表示物件上的許可權，使用者是屬主或授予者
ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECD 表示物件上的許可權, 使用者是PUBLIC或被授予者
DBA_COL_PRIVS 資料庫列上的所有授權
DBA_ROLE_PRIVS 顯示已授予使用者或其他角色的角色
DBA_SYS_PRIVS 已授予使用者或角色的系統許可權
DBA_TAB_PRIVS 資料庫物件上的所有許可權
ROLE_ROLE_PRIVS 顯示已授予使用者的角色
ROLE_SYS_PRIVS 顯示透過角色授予使用者的系統許可權
ROLE_TAB_PRIVS 顯示透過角色授予使用者的物件許可權
SESSION_PRIVS 顯示使用者現在可利用的所有系統許可權
USER_COL_PRIVS 顯示列上的許可權，使用者是屬主、授予者或被授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_MADE 顯示列上已授予的許可權，使用者是屬主或授予者
USER_COL_PRIVS_RECD 顯示列上已授予的許可權，使用者是屬主或被授予者
USER_ROLE_PRIVS 顯示已授予給使用者的所有角色
USER_SYS_PRIVS 顯示已授予給使用者的所有系統許可權
USER_TAB_PRIVS 顯示已授予給使用者的所有物件許可權
USER_TAB_PRIVS_MADE 顯示已授予給其他使用者的物件許可權，使用者是屬主
USER_TAB_PRIVS_RECD 顯示已授予給其他使用者的物件許可權，使用者是被授予者

--如何用dbms_stats分析表及模式？
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
method_opt => 'for all columns size auto',degree=> DBMS_STATS.DEFAULT_DEGREE);
exec dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname=>'&USER_NAME',estimate_percent=>dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,cascade=>true);
/*
FOR ALL [INDEXED | HIDDEN] COLUMNS [size_clause]
FOR COLUMNS [size clause] column|attribute [size_clause] [,column|attribute [size_clause]...],
where size_clause is defined as size_clause := SIZE {integer | REPEAT | AUTO | SKEWONLY}
integer--Number of histogram buckets. Must be in the range [1,254].
REPEAT--Collects histograms only on the columns that already have histograms.
AUTO--Oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on data distribution and the workload of the columns.
SKEWONLY--Oracle determines the columns to collect histograms based on the data distribution of the columns
*/