利用RMAN 建立Oracle9i RAC Data Guard(完善版)

1.1 建立RMAN使用者表空間(表空間大小設定為500m左右即可) .

create tablespace rman_data

datafile '/u01/data/rman_data1.dbf' size 500M

extent management local uniform size 5M ;

1.2 建立RMAN使用者:

create user rman identified by rman

default tablespace rman_data

temporary tablespace temp ;

1.3 給RMAN使用者授於相關係統許可權:

grant resource, connect, recovery_catalog_owner to rman;

1.4 在Dataguard Server(目錄伺服器)上設定tnsnames.ora 用於連target伺服器(Primary DB) .

tnsnames.ora 檔案中加入以下內容:

DELL_RAC1 =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.161.8.71)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

(INSTANCE_NAME = orcl1)

)

)

1.5 連接目標伺服器與CATALOG伺服器. (在Dataguard Server上的RMAN資料庫上操作)

rman target sys/oracle@dell_rac1 catalog rman/rman(user/password必須為目標伺服器上的擁有sysdba許可權的使用者.如:sys)

1.6 在目標伺服器上建立CATALOG 目錄.

CREATE CATALOG

1.7 在CATALOG伺服器上註冊目標伺服器.

REGISTER DATABASE;

到這裡,RMAN備份環境已經準備好了,幷已連接至目標與目錄伺服器.

2. 建立Data Guard

2.1 COPY目標伺服器上(Primary DB Server)的初始化參數檔案及密碼檔案到Data Guard相對應目錄.

2.2 使用RMAN的Image copy複製目標伺服器上的.DBF檔案至Data Guard相應目錄.(見後面的詳細介紹) .

2.2.1 使用REPORT SCHEMA可列出將要複製的所有目標數據庫上的數據檔案.

2.2.2 使用下面的SQL生成所有數據檔案的copy指令碼.

SELECT 'datafile '||''''||name||''''||' to '||''''||'/data'||name||''''||',' FROM v$datafile; 或者

SELECT 'datafile '||''''||name||''''||' to '||''''||name||''''||',' FROM v$datafile;

RMAN IMAGE COPY指令碼:

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL XXXXX DEVICE TYPE DISK;

COPY

...........,

…..----- 這裡放入上面SQL生成的指令碼 .

……… ;

RELEASE CHANNEL XXXX;}

指令碼例子 (如果在Data Guard Server上檔案路徑有變化, 即與Primary DB上路徑不一樣, 我們會在生成控制檔案後, 在Data Guard DB上Mount狀態下使用 alter database rename file 更改數據檔案路徑, 指令碼中前面的檔案路徑表示Primary DB上的路徑, 後面的路徑表示Data Guard Server上的檔案路徑 ) .

以下指令碼例子中的 /backup目錄是dataguard上的/data目錄影射到Primary DB上的Mount點Label (詳細的nfs mount見後面的nfs mount介紹) .

RUN {

ALLOCATE CHANNEL XXXX DEVICE TYPE DISK;

COPY

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/log_data10.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/log_data10.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/log_index9.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/log_index9.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data16.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data16.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data17.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data17.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data18.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data18.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data19.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data19.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data20.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data20.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data21.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_data21.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx13.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx13.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx14.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx14.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx15.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx15.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx17.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx17.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx18.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_arch2/orcldbf/sn_idx18.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/cwmlite01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/cwmlite01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/drsys01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/drsys01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/example01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/example01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data1.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data1.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data2.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data2.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data3.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data3.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data4.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/ict_data4.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/indx01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/indx01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data1.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data1.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data2.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data2.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data3.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data3.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data4.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data4.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data5.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data5.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data6.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data6.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data7.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data7.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data8.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data8.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data9.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/log_data9.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data1.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data1.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data10.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data10.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data11.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data11.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data12.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data12.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data13.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data13.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data14.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data14.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data15.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data15.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data2.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data2.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data3.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data3.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data4.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data4.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data5.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data5.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data6.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data6.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data7.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data7.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data8.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data8.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data9.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/sn_data9.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/system01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/system01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/tools01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/tools01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data1.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data1.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data2.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data2.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data3.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data3.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data4.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data4.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data5.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data5.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data6.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data6.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data7.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data7.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data8.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/track_data8.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs01_1.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs01_1.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs02.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs02.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs02_1.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs02_1.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs02_2.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/undotbs02_2.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/users01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/users01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data/orcl/xdb01.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/xdb01.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data07.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data07.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data08.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data08.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data09.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data09.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data10.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data10.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data11.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data11.dbf',

datafile '/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data12.dbf' to '/backup/ocfs_data2/orcl/ict_data12.dbf' ;

RELEASE CHANNEL XXXX;}

在 Copy datafile ｀/ocfs_data/orcl/xx.dbf＇ to ｀/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/xx.dbf＇中.

第一個｀/ocfs_data/orcl/xx.dbf＇是目標伺服器的數據檔案地址. ｀/backup/ocfs_data/orcl/xx.dbf 是掛載到目標伺服器上的dataguard的相應目錄.

假設指令碼檔案儲存為 rman.txt 檔案 .

注意: 如果某個檔案上有邏輯壞塊, 可以用如下語句查詢並在RMAN中忽略處理 .

查詢壞塊: ( 一般在Log及Trace檔案中會有檔案及資料塊標示 )

SELECT segment_name,segment_type,extent_id,block_id, blocks

from dba_extents t

where file_id = 10

AND 51896 between block_id and (block_id + blocks - 1)

RMAN> run2> {3> set maxcorrupt for datafile 10 to 200; -----表示忽略掉文間file#=10的200個壞塊4> }

說明:

需要先將將要成為dataguard伺服器的檔案存放目錄使用NFS映像至目標伺服器(Primary DB Server ) 相關目錄.

具體步驟如下:

Linux下NFS的配置

2.3. NFS server端(在此處為Data Guard伺服器)及客戶端(Primary DB Server)設定:

2.3.1 在/etc/exports 釋出掛載的目錄(在dataguard server上操作).

如: /data *(rw,no_root_squash)

/data為data guard server上分享的目錄,*表示允許任何主機分享,rw,no_root_squash為參數

代表意義如下:

rw: 可讀寫的許可權

ro: 只讀的許可權

no_root_squash: 登入 NFS 主機使用分享目錄的使用者，如果是 root 的話，那麼對於這個分享的目錄來說，他就具有 root 的許可權！

root_squash: 在登入 NFS 主機使用分享之目錄的使用者如果是 root 時，那麼這個使用者的許可權將被壓縮成為匿名使用者.

2.3.2 在Data Gurad DB Server上啟動兩個相關服務

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap start (or:#service portmap start)

#/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start (or:#service nfs start)

2.3.3. NFS客戶端的設定(TARGET伺服器, 即Primary database Server )

不用其它設定,直接掛載就可以了

#mount -t nfs dataguard_server_ip:/directory /mountpoint

/mountpoint 為Primary Database Server上的掛載點 .

如:

mount -t nfs 10.161.8.83:/data /backup