硬碟監控和分析工具：Smartctl

贊 回覆發表於2015-01-16
硬碟

Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自監控，分析和報告技術）是類Unix系統下實施SMART任務命令列套件或工具，它用於列印SMART自檢和錯誤日誌，啟用並禁用SMRAT自動檢測，以及初始化裝置自檢。

Smartctl對於Linux物理伺服器十分有用，在這些伺服器上，可以對智慧磁碟進行錯誤檢查，並將與硬體RAID相關的磁碟資訊摘錄下來。

在本帖中，我們將討論smartctl命令的一些實用樣例。如果你的Linux上海沒有安裝smartctl，請按以下步驟來安裝。

安裝 Smartctl

對於 Ubuntu

$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools

對於 CentOS & RHEL

# yum install smartmontools

啟動Smartctl服務

對於 Ubuntu

$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start

對於 CentOS & RHEL

# service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on

樣例

樣例：1 檢查磁碟的 Smart 功能是否啟用

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model:     ST9320325AS
Serial Number:    5VD2V59T
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
User Capacity:    320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Size:      512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is:    Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

這裡‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬碟。上面輸出中的最後兩行顯示了SMART功能已啟用。

樣例：2 啟用磁碟的 Smart 功能

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.

樣例：3 禁用磁碟的 Smart 功能

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off  /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.

樣例：4 顯示磁碟的詳細 Smart 資訊

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb              // For IDE drive
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb       // For SATA drive

樣例：5 顯示磁碟總體健康狀況

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H  /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
Please note the following marginal Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   067   045   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)

樣例：6 使用long和short選項測試硬碟

Long測試

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或者，我們可以重定向測試輸出到日誌檔案，就像下面這樣

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text

Short測試

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014

Use smartctl -X to abort test.

或

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text

注意：short測試將花費最多2分鐘，而在long測試中沒有時間限制，因為它會讀取並驗證磁碟的每個段。

樣例：7 檢視驅動器的自檢結果

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%       492         210841222
# 2  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%       492         210841222

樣例：8 計算測試時間估值

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c  /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00)    Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      ( 121)    The previous self-test completed having
                    the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:         (    0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:              (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    No Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)    Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)    Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:      (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:      ( 102) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:      (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:            (0x103b)    SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

樣例：9 顯示磁碟錯誤日誌

root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error  /dev/sdb

Sample Output

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 5
    CR = Command Register [HEX]
    FR = Features Register [HEX]
    SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
    SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
    CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
    CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
    DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
    DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
    ER = Error register [HEX]
    ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.515  READ DMA EXT
  25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.514  READ DMA EXT
  25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.502  READ DMA EXT
  25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.496  READ DMA EXT
  25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 00      00:30:44.383  READ DMA EXT

via: http://www.linuxtechi.com/smartctl-monitoring-analysis-tool-hard-drive/

作者：Pradeep Kumar 譯者：GOLinux 校對：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原創翻譯，Linux中國 榮譽推出

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