使用外部表管理Oracle 告警日誌(ALAERT_$SID.LOG)

分類： Oracle 其它特性 2011-02-18 11:42 118人閱讀評論(0) 舉報

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-- 使用外部表管理Oracle 告警日誌(ALAERT_$SID.LOG)

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Oracle 告警日誌時DBA維護資料庫經常需要關注的一部分內容。然而告警日誌以文字檔案，按時間的先後順序不斷累積的形式來儲存，久而

久之，勢必造成告警日誌的過大，難於維護和查詢相關的資訊。使用外表表方式來管理告警日誌將大大簡化維護工作量，也更直關的獲取所需的

資訊。

有關外部表的使用請參考：Oracle 外部表

一、告警日誌的內容

訊息和錯誤的型別(Types of messages and errors)

ORA-600內部錯誤(ORA-600 internal errors that need immediate support from Oracle's customer support )'

ORA-1578塊損壞錯誤(ORA-1578 block corruption errors that require recovery)

ORA-12012(作業佇列錯誤(ORA-12012 job queue errors)

例項啟動關閉，恢復等資訊(STARTUP & SHUTDOWN, and RECOVER statement execution messages)

特定的DDL命令(Certain CREATE, ALTER, & DROP statements )

影響表空間，資料檔案及回滾段的命令(Statements that effect TABLESPACES, DATAFILES, and ROLLBACK SEGMENTS )

可持續的命令被掛起(When a resumable statement is suspended )

LGWR不能寫入到日誌檔案(When log writer (LGWR) cannot write to a member of a group )

歸檔程式啟動資訊(When new Archiver Process (ARCn) is started )

排程程式的相關資訊(Dispatcher information)

動態引數的修改資訊(The occurrence of someone changing a dynamic parameter)

二、建立外部表

1.檢視後臺日誌路徑

sys@ORCL> show parameter %b%_dump_dest --此可以省略，在後面直接用指令碼cre_ext_tb.sql 實現

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

background_dump_dest string /u01/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump

2.建立使用者並賦予特定的許可權，並建立資料庫目錄

sys@ORCL> create user usr1 identified by usr1 --建立帳戶usr1

2 temporary tablespace temp

3 default tablespace users

4 quota unlimited on users;

sys@ORCL> grant connect,resource to usr1; --為帳戶usr1授予connect,resource角色

sys@ORCL> grant create any directory to usr1; --為帳戶usr1授予建立目錄的許可權

sys@ORCL> conn usr1/usr1 --使用usr1連線資料庫

3.下面使用指令碼來完成對告警日誌的跟蹤及管理

指令碼描述

cre_ext_tb.sql

主要是建立了一個alert_log表用於存放告警日誌的重要資訊，一個外部表alert_log_disk使得檢視告警日誌可以直接在本地資料

庫中完成。

update_alert_log.sql

用於從外部表將重要資訊經過過濾並且將沒有存放到alert_log表中的最新資訊更新到alert_log表。

4.使用下面的指令碼來建立alert_log表及alert_log_disk外部表

usr1@ORCL> get /u01/bk/scripts/cre_ext_tb.sql --檢視建表的程式碼

1 define alert_length="500"

2 drop table alert_log;

3 create table alert_log ( --建立表alert_log用於存放告警日誌的重要資訊

4 alert_date date,

5 alert_text varchar2(&&alert_length)

6 )

7 storage (initial 512k next 512K pctincrease 0);

8 create index alert_log_idx on alert_log(alert_date) --為表alert_log建立索引

9 storage (initial 512k next 512K pctincrease 0);

10 column db new_value _DB noprint;

11 column bdump new_value _bdump noprint;

12 select instance_name db from v$instance; --獲得例項名以及告警日誌路徑

13 select value bdump from v$parameter

14 where name ='background_dump_dest';

15 drop directory BDUMP;

16 create directory BDUMP as '&&_bdump';

17 drop table alert_log_disk;

18 create table alert_log_disk ( text varchar2(&&alert_length) ) --建立外部表

19 organization external (

20 type oracle_loader

21 default directory BDUMP

22 access parameters (

23 records delimited by newline nologfile nobadfile

24 fields terminated by "&" ltrim

25 )

26 location('alert_&&_DB..log')

27 )

28* reject limit unlimited;

usr1@ORCL> start /u01/bk/scripts/cre_ext_tb.sql --執行建表的程式碼

5.使用下面的指令碼填充alert_log表

usr1@ORCL> get /u01/bk/scripts/update_alert_log.sql --指令碼update_alert_log.sql用於將外部表的重要資訊填充到alert_log

1 set serveroutput on

2 declare

3 isdate number := 0;

4 start_updating number := 0;

5 rows_inserted number := 0;

6 alert_date date;

7 max_date date;

8 alert_text alert_log_disk.text%type;

9 begin

10 /* find a starting date */

11 select max(alert_date) into max_date from alert_log;

12 if (max_date is null) then

13 max_date := to_date('01-jan-1980', 'dd-mon-yyyy');

14 end if;

15 for r in (

16 select substr(text,1,180) text from alert_log_disk --使用for迴圈從告警日誌過濾資訊

17 where text not like '%offlining%'

18 and text not like 'ARC_:%'

19 and text not like '%LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1%'

20 and text not like '%Thread 1 advanced to log sequence%'

21 and text not like '%Current log#%seq#%mem#%'

22 and text not like '%Undo Segment%lined%'

23 and text not like '%alter tablespace%back%'

24 and text not like '%Log actively being archived by another process%'

25 and text not like '%alter database backup controlfile to trace%'

26 and text not like '%Created Undo Segment%'

27 and text not like '%started with pid%'

28 and text not like '%ORA-12012%'

29 and text not like '%ORA-06512%'

30 and text not like '%ORA-000060:%'

31 and text not like '%coalesce%'

32 and text not like '%Beginning log switch checkpoint up to RBA%'

33 and text not like '%Completed checkpoint up to RBA%'

34 and text not like '%specifies an obsolete parameter%'

35 and text not like '%BEGIN BACKUP%'

36 and text not like '%END BACKUP%'

37 )

38 loop

39 isdate := 0;

40 alert_text := null;

41 select count(*) into isdate --設定標誌位，用於判斷改行是否為時間資料

42 from dual

43 where substr(r.text, 21) in ('2009','2010','2011','2012','2013')

44 and r.text not like '%cycle_run_year%';

45 if (isdate = 1) then --將時間資料格式化

46 select to_date(substr(r.text, 5),'Mon dd hh24:mi:ss rrrr')

47 into alert_date

48 from dual;

49 if (alert_date > max_date) then --設定標誌位用於判斷是否需要update

50 start_updating := 1;

51 end if;

52 else

53 alert_text := r.text;

54 end if;

55 if (alert_text is not null) and (start_updating = 1) then --start_updating標誌位與alert_text為真，插入記錄

56 insert into alert_log values (alert_date, substr(alert_text, 1, 180));

57 rows_inserted := rows_inserted + 1;

58 commit;

59 end if;

60 end loop;

61 sys.dbms_output.put_line('Inserting after date '||to_char(max_date, 'MM/DD/RR HH24:MI:SS'));

62 sys.dbms_output.put_line('Rows Inserted: '||rows_inserted);

63 commit;

64* end;

65

usr1@ORCL> start /u01/bk/scripts/update_alert_log.sql

Inserting after date 01/01/80 00:00:00

Rows Inserted: 632

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

基於上述方法，可以定期將告警日誌更新到本地資料庫，然後清空告警日誌檔案

三、檢視告警日誌的內容

1.修改會話日期的顯示格式

usr1@ORCL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss';

2.檢視告警日誌的資訊

usr1@ORCL> select * from alert_log where rownum < 5;

ALERT_DATE ALERT_TEXT

------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2011-02-14 21:36:11 SYS auditing is disabled

2011-02-14 21:36:11 ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization

2011-02-14 21:36:11 Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0.

2011-02-14 21:36:11 System parameters with non-default values:

3.檢視告警日誌最新的5條資訊

usr1@ORCL> select * from alert_log where rownum < 5 order by alert_date desc;

ALERT_DATE ALERT_TEXT

------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2011-02-14 21:36:11 SYS auditing is disabled

2011-02-14 21:36:11 ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization

2011-02-14 21:36:11 Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0.

2011-02-14 21:36:11 System parameters with non-default values:

4.檢視告警日誌ORA錯誤資訊

usr1@ORCL> select * from alert_log where alert_text like 'ORA-%';

ALERT_DATE ALERT_TEXT

------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2011-02-14 21:36:13 ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'

2011-02-14 21:36:13 ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

2011-02-14 21:36:13 ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...

2011-02-14 21:36:23 ORA-1507 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL...

2011-02-14 21:36:27 ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'

使用外部表管理Oracle 告警日誌(ALAERT_$SID.LOG)

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