Oracle11g的64位Linux版終於推出了，下載了Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 for X86 64，測試一下在上面安裝64位的Oracle11.1.0.6。

從來沒有試過SLIENT模式下安裝資料庫，就拿這個版本練手了。

首先是檢查系統硬體情況：

[root@enterprice64 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 8178836 kB
[root@enterprice64 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 8385888 kB
[root@enterprice64 ~]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 8178836 5297744 2881092 0 122512 4773424
-/+ buffers/cache: 401808 7777028
Swap: 8385888 0 8385888
[root@enterprice64 ~]# df -k /dev/shm
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 4089416 0 4089416 0% /dev/shm
[root@enterprice64 ~]# df -k /tmp
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 10153988 428132 9201740 5% /
[root@enterprice64 ~]# df -k /data
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda9 207275064 3933228 192642952 3% /data

要求記憶體不小於1G，在記憶體小於2G，SWAP應該是記憶體的1.5倍，記憶體2到8G，SWAP和記憶體相同大小即可，記憶體超過8G，SWAP是記憶體的0.75倍。

由於11g對於共享記憶體要求變大，因此係統共享記憶體應該大於512*程式數，如果共享記憶體不足的話，會造成ORA-845或ORA-1078錯誤。

要求臨時表空間不少於200M，安裝目錄應大於4G。

下面檢查系統軟體情況：

[root@enterprice64 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-8.el5 (mockbuild@ca-build14) (gcc version 4.1.1 20070105 (Red Hat 4.1.1-52)) #1 SMP Tue Jun 5 23:25:19 EDT 2007
[root@enterprice64 ~]# uname -a
Linux enterprice64 2.6.18-8.el5 #1 SMP Tue Jun 5 23:25:19 EDT 2007 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[root@enterprice64 ~]# more /etc/issue
Enterprise Linux Enterprise Linux Server release 5 (Carthage)
Kernel r on an m

對作業系統要求：

Asianux 2.0

Asianux 3.0

Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0

Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0

SUSE Enterprise Linux 10.0

系統核心為2.6.9(Asianux 2.0、Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0)，2.6.18(Asianux 3.0、Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0、Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0)，或2.6.16.21(SUSE Enterprise Linux 10.0)。

對於ES4，oracle需要一下包：

binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.1
gcc-c++-4.1.1
glibc-2.5-12
glibc-2.5-12 (32 bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5-12 (32 bit)
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.1
libgcc-4.1.1 (32 bit)
libstdc++-4.1.1
libstdc++-4.1.1 (32 bit)
libstdc++-devel 4.1.1
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.0

透過rpm –qa查詢是否所有需要的包都以及安裝，如果沒有安裝的透過rpm –ivh命令進行安裝。

檢查網路情況：

[root@enterprice64 ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf|grep hosts
#hosts: db files nisplus nis dns
hosts: files dns
[root@enterprice64 ~]# hostname
enterprice64
[root@enterprice64 ~]# domainname
(none)
[root@enterprice64 ~]# more /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 enterprice64 localhost.localdomain localhost
172.25.13.195 enterprice64

建立Oracle使用者和dba組：

[root@enterprice64 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@enterprice64 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@enterprice64 ~]# groupadd asadmin
[root@enterprice64 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asadmin oracle
[root@enterprice64 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@enterprice64 ~]# id nobody
uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh

建立oinstall、dba和asadmin組。建立好使用者後，檢查nobody使用者是否存在。不存在的話，建立該使用者。

檢測並修改系統的核心引數，編輯/etc/sysctl.conf檔案，新增下面的配置，儲存後重啟系統。注意，如果系統預設的配置比這裡給出的值大，不要修改原有配置。

fs.file-max = 512 * PROCESSES
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

配置oracle使用者的環境變數和shell限制，編輯/etc/security/limits.conf，新增下面的內容：

oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

編輯/etc/pam.d/login檔案，新增下面的內容：

session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so

編輯oracle使用者目錄下的.bash_rc檔案，新增下列環境變數：

umask 022
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g64
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1

最後建立安裝Oracle所需的目錄結構。

[root@enterprice64 ~]# mkdir -p /data/oracle/product/11.1
[root@enterprice64 ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /data

準備工作做完了下面開始進行Silent方式的安裝。

首先設定oraInst.loc檔案：

[root@enterprice64 ~]# ls -l /etc/oraInst.loc
-rw-rw-r-- 1 oracle dba 61 Oct 19 17:25 /etc/oraInst.loc
[root@enterprice64 ~]# more /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/data/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

確保/etc/oraInst.loc中包含上面的資訊，且Oracle包含訪問許可權。

根據希望安裝的資料庫型別選擇Silent的response_file檔案的類似，比如：enterprise.rsp、standard.rsp還是custom.rsp。

這裡選擇enterpise.rsp型別，安裝盤中的database/response目錄下對應的response檔案複製出來，根據檔案裡面的提示對輸入值進行修改。

比如這個例子中對如下的引數進行設定：

UNIX_GROUP_NAME="oinstall"
FROM_LOCATION="/data/database/stage/products.xml"
ORACLE_BASE="/data/oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="/data/oracle/product/11.1"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="ORADBHOME11"
SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=false
RESTART_SYSTEM=false
RESTART_REMOTE_SYSTEM=false
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"zh_CN"}
s_nameForDBAGrp="dba"
s_nameForOPERGrp="oinstall"
s_nameForASMGrp="asadmin"
n_configurationOption=3
s_ASMSYSPassword="asm"
s_ASMSYSPasswordAgain="asm"

注意，所有的字串需要放在雙引號中，注意大小寫。數字和布林變數直接寫就可以。

由於這裡沒有選擇建立資料庫而只安裝軟體，因此沒有設定資料庫相關的配置引數。

[oracle@enterprice64 data]$ chmod 700 enterprise.rsp

下面可以開始SILENT安裝了：

[oracle@enterprice64 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -responseFile /data/database/enterprise.rsp

注意，響應檔案需要使用絕對路徑。

[oracle@enterprice64 database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -noconfig -responseFile /data/database/enterprise.rsp
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 8886 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 8189 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2007-10-19_06-40-04PM. Please wait ...[oracle@enterprice64 database]$ Oracle Universal Installer, Version 11.1.0.6.0 Production
Copyright (C) 1999, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

You can find the log of this install session at:
/data/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2007-10-19_06-40-04PM.log
.................................................................................................... 100% Done.

Loading Product Information
................................................................................................................ 100% Done.

Starting execution of Prerequisites...
Total No of checks: 14

Performing check for CertifiedVersions
Checking operating system requirements ...
Expected result: One of enterprise-4,enterprise-5,redhat-4,redhat-5,SuSE-10,asianux-2,asianux-3
Actual Result: enterprise-5
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for Packages
Checking operating system package requirements ...
Checking for make-3.81; found make-1:3.81-1.1-x86_64. Passed
Checking for binutils-2.17.50.0.6; found binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5-x86_64. Passed
Checking for gcc-4.1.1; found gcc-4.1.1-52.el5-x86_64. Passed
.
.
.
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for Kernel
Checking kernel parameters
Checking for semmsl=250; found semmsl=250. Passed
.
.
.
Checking for wmem_max=262144; found wmem_max=262144. Passed
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for GLIBC
Checking Recommended glibc version
Expected result: ATLEAST=2.5-12
Actual Result: 2.5-12
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for TotalMemory
Checking physical memory requirements ...
Expected result: 922MB
Actual Result: 7984MB
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for SwapSpace
Checking available swap space requirements ...
Expected result: 7984MB
Actual Result: 8189MB
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for DetectIfDHCPAssignedIP
Checking Network Configuration requirements ...
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Not executed <<<<

Check complete: Not executed <<<<
Recommendation: Oracle supports installations on systems with DHCP-assigned public IP addresses. However, the primary network interface on the system should be configured with a static IP address in order for the Oracle Software to function properly. See the Installation Guide for more details on installing the software on systems configured with DHCP.

========================================================
Performing check for CheckPathForOtherOracleHomes
Checking PATH environment variable...
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for CheckTempDiskSpace
Checking for sufficient diskspace in TEMP location...
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for CheckLdLibraryPath
Checking LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable...
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for OracleBase
Validating ORACLE_BASE location (if set) ...
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for OracleHomeSpace
Checking Oracle Home path for spaces...
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for DetectAnyInvalidASMHome
Checking for proper system clean-up....
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
Performing check for CompatibilityChecks_DB
Checking for Oracle Home incompatibilities ....
Actual Result: NEW_HOME
Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed

Check complete: Passed
========================================================
PrereqChecks complete

Analyzing dependencies
..................................................................................................... 100% Done.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
Global Settings
Source: /data/database/stage/products.xml
Oracle Base: /data/oracle
Oracle Home: /data/oracle/product/11.1 (ORADBHOME11)
Installation Type: Enterprise Edition
Product Languages
Simplified Chinese
English
Space Requirements
/ Required 226MB (only as temporary space) : Available 8.56GB
/data/ Required 3.63GB : Available 181.86GB
New Installations (126 products)
Oracle Database 11g 11.1.0.6.0
Enterprise Edition Options 11.1.0.6.0
Oracle Partitioning 11.1.0.6.0
.
.
.
Oracle Universal Installer 11.1.0.6.0
Oracle One-Off Patch Installer 11.1.0.6.0
Installer SDK Component 11.1.0.6.0
Sun JDK 1.5.0.11.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Installation in progress (Fri Oct 19 18:40:20 CST 2007)
............................................................... 6% Done.
............................................................... 12% Done.
............................................................... 19% Done.
............................................................... 25% Done.
............................................................... 31% Done.
............................................................... 38% Done.
............................................................... 44% Done.
............................................................... 50% Done.
............................................................... 57% Done.
............................................................... 63% Done.
............................................................... 69% Done.
............................................................... 76% Done.
................................................. 81% Done.
Install successful

Linking in progress (Fri Oct 19 18:42:27 CST 2007)
.. 81% Done.
Link successful

Setup in progress (Fri Oct 19 18:43:33 CST 2007)
................................... 100% Done.
Setup successful

End of install phases.(Fri Oct 19 18:43:36 CST 2007)
WARNING:
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root script to run
/data/oracle/product/11.1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts

The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/data/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2007-10-19_06-40-04PM.log' for more details.

最後使用root執行一下$ORACLE_HOME/root.sh指令碼就可以了。

不過這裡Oracle存在一個bug，在root.sh指令碼中，自動將OUI_SILENT引數設定為TRUE，而後的檢查中，如果發現這個值為TRUE，那麼這個指令碼執行會自動退出了。這裡需要手工將其修改為FALSE，然後使用root執行：

[root@enterprice64 11.1]# ./root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /data/oracle/product/11.1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.

對於root.sh的執行不要使用. root.sh的方式，這種方式可能造成指令碼陷入死迴圈。

至此，資料庫軟體的安裝已經完成，如果系統啟動了SELINUX，那麼這裡還需要處理一個bug：

利用root改變SELINUX的設定：

[root@enterprice64 ~]# setenforce 0

至此，Oracle軟體已經安裝完畢：

[oracle@enterprice64 ~]$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on Mon Oct 22 14:07:28 2007

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

關於這個bug的詳細描述，可以參考：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/407258

Oracle 11.1.0.6 for linux X86 64的SILENT安裝

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