Oracle分頁查詢格式(十二)
Oracle的分頁查詢語句基本上可以按照本文給出的格式來進行套用。
這篇介紹分析函式用於分頁,且排序欄位上包含索引的情況。
Oracle分頁查詢格式(一):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/100278
Oracle分頁查詢格式(二):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/101703
Oracle分頁查詢格式(三):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/104595
Oracle分頁查詢格式(四):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/104867
Oracle分頁查詢格式(五):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/107934
Oracle分頁查詢格式(六):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/108677
Oracle分頁查詢格式(七):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/109834
Oracle分頁查詢格式(八):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/224557
Oracle分頁查詢格式(九):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/224409
Oracle分頁查詢格式(十):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/224823
Oracle分頁查詢格式(十一):http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/485481
上一篇文章已經介紹了利用分析函式來進行分頁的方法,總的來說,除非分頁到了最後部分,利用分析函式進行分頁的效率還是可以的。
綜合來說,除了SQL巢狀可以少寫一層外,並沒有什麼特別的優點來代替標準分頁函式的寫法。
不過上一篇測試所有的資料都是透過全表掃描得到的,如果在排序欄位上存在索引,這兩種不同的分頁查詢效率如何呢,還是繼續進行測試:
SQL> ALTER TABLE T MODIFY OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL;
表已更改。
SQL> CREATE INDEX IND_T_OBJECT_NAME ON T (OBJECT_NAME);
索引已建立。
為了Oracle可以利用這個索引,將索引列置為非空,首先測試標準分頁SQL語句:
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME
2 FROM
3 (
4 SELECT ROWNUM RN, OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME
5 FROM
6 (
7 SELECT OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME FROM T
8 ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME
9 )
10 WHERE ROWNUM <= 20
11 )
12 WHERE RN >= 11;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
已選擇10行。
已用時間: 00: 00: 00.05
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=826 Card=20 Bytes=1840)
1 0 VIEW (Cost=826 Card=20 Bytes=1840)
2 1 COUNT (STOPKEY)
3 2 VIEW (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=362202202)
4 3 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'T' (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=132960302)
5 4 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'IND_T_OBJECT_NAME' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=26 Card=4584838)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
15 consistent gets
3 physical reads
0 redo size
578 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
10 rows processed
在標準SQL中為了使用索引和NESTED LOOP連線方式,一般還要加上FIRST_ROWS提示,現在還沒有加上FIRST_ROWS提示,Oracle就使用了索引全掃描代替了全表掃描,而且效率相當的高,只需要0.5秒就返回了結果。
再看分析函式的表現:
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME
2 FROM
3 (
4 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID,
5 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME) RN
6 FROM T
7 )
8 WHERE RN BETWEEN 11 AND 20;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
已選擇10行。
已用時間: 00: 01: 09.17
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=421805096)
1 0 VIEW (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=421805096)
2 1 WINDOW (NOSORT) (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=132960302)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'T' (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=132960302)
4 3 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'IND_T_OBJECT_NAME' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=26 Card=4584838)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
3197229 consistent gets
118443 physical reads
0 redo size
578 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
10 rows processed
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME
2 FROM
3 (
4 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID,
5 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME) RN
6 FROM T
7 )
8 WHERE RN BETWEEN 11 AND 20;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17869 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
17870 /1005bd30_LnkdConstant
已選擇10行。
已用時間: 00: 00: 10.65
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
0 SELECT STATEMENT ptimizer=CHOOSE (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=421805096)
1 0 VIEW (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=421805096)
2 1 WINDOW (NOSORT) (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=132960302)
3 2 TABLE ACCESS (BY INDEX ROWID) OF 'T' (Cost=826 Card=4584838 Bytes=132960302)
4 3 INDEX (FULL SCAN) OF 'IND_T_OBJECT_NAME' (NON-UNIQUE) (Cost=26 Card=4584838)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
3197229 consistent gets
43319 physical reads
0 redo size
578 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
503 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
10 rows processed
如果說第一次執行是由於大量物理讀沒有快取,導致執行時間達到了1分鐘的話,那麼第二次執行仍舊高得離譜的三百多萬的邏輯讀,就很說明問題了。執行時間居然要10秒多,比全表掃描效率還低,看執行計劃就知道,這次STOP KEY沒有被推到分析函式的視窗排序中,導致Oracle掃描了所有的記錄。
這對於分頁來說,絕對是不可接受的。不過這是在9i的環境下進行的測試:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 9.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
看看10g中Oracle是否解決了這個問題:
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> SELECT OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME
2 FROM
3 (
4 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID,
5 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME) RN
6 FROM T
7 )
8 WHERE RN BETWEEN 11 AND 20;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
10 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:02.04
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3047187157
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 4969K| 436M| | 41652 (1)| 00:09:44 |
|* 1 | VIEW | | 4969K| 436M| | 41652 (1)| 00:09:44 |
|* 2 | WINDOW SORT PUSHED RANK| | 4969K| 132M| 342M| 41652 (1)| 00:09:44 |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | T | 4969K| 132M| | 17375 (1)| 00:04:04 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("RN">=11 AND "RN"<=20)
2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "OBJECT_NAME")<=20)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
52137 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
725 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
1 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
10 rows processed
SQL> SELECT /*+ FIRST_ROWS */ OBJECT_ID, OBJECT_NAME
2 FROM
3 (
4 SELECT OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_ID,
5 ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY OBJECT_NAME) RN
6 FROM T
7 )
8 WHERE RN BETWEEN 11 AND 20;
OBJECT_ID OBJECT_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30165 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
30166 /1000e8d1_LinkedHashMapValueIt
10 rows selected.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 3257002816
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Id |Operation |Name |Rows |Bytes|Cost (%CPU)|Time |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 0|SELECT STATEMENT | | 4969K| 436M| 3679K (1)|14:18:35 |
|* 1| VIEW | | 4969K| 436M| 3679K (1)|14:18:35 |
|* 2| WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY | | 4969K| 132M| 3679K (1)|14:18:35 |
| 3| TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID|T | 4969K| 132M| 3679K (1)|14:18:35 |
| 4| INDEX FULL SCAN |IND_T_OBJECT_NAME| 4969K| |11703 (1)|00:02:44 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - filter("RN">=11 AND "RN"<=20)
2 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "OBJECT_NAME")<=20)
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
1 recursive calls
0 db block gets
16 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
755 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
492 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
10 rows processed
10g中表的結構與資料量和9i完全一致,但是預設情況下,Oracle並沒有選擇使用索引掃描的方式。如果在SQL中加上FIRST_ROWS提示,那麼Oracle選擇索引掃描,並以接近0秒的速度將結果返回。
對比9i和10g採用分析函式分頁的執行計劃可以發現,92的執行計劃為WINDOW (NOSORT),而102為WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY。顯然Oracle在10g解決了9i存在的問題,這也是在上一篇文章中提到的,Oracle可能會不斷完善分析函式的功能。
如果總結一下,10g中使用分析函式來進行分頁,已經沒有什麼問題了,但是在9i中,用分析函式的方式進行分頁,可能會帶來嚴重的效能問題。
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