圖形化安裝資料庫軟體，建立資料庫，配置監聽大家都很熟悉了，本篇部落格分為幾部分來演示應答方式（response）安裝資料庫軟體、建立資料庫等操作。

這種方式的好處是可以深入瞭解沒有安裝配置的細節。

首先來看一張OFA的脈絡圖，雖然生產環境總會自定義這些路徑，但是總的框架還是不會變的。

OFA標準中的幾個重要目錄：

oracle清單目錄	oraInventory	/u01/app/oraInventory
oracle基礎目錄	ORACLE_BASE	/u01/app/oracle
oracle主目錄	ORACLE_HOME	/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 如果環境中有測試、開發可以在這裡用db_1, db_2來區分；如果只有一個生產環境可以去掉db_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0 生產 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 開發 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_2 測試
oracle網路目錄	TNS_ADMIN	/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin
自動診斷庫目錄	ADR_HOME	/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/db_unique_name/instance_name select value from v$diag_info where name='ADR Home'

/u01為作業系統掛載點，通常會出現/u01,/u02,/u03等等。如果命名為/ora01會一目瞭然該掛載點為oracle資料庫所用。

下面開始準備工作

一，OS準備工作

主機名

[root@snow ~]# hostname

snow.oracle.com

hosts配置

[root@snow ~]# vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

172.16.228.12 snow.oracle.com

作業系統版本

[root@snow ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.6 (Santiago)

磁碟空間

[root@snow ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 36G 3.2G 31G 10% /

tmpfs 1.8G 72K 1.8G 1% /dev/shm

記憶體大小

[root@snow ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal: 3772548 kB

swap使用情況

[oracle@snow ~]$ free -t

total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 3772548 3237804 534744 2372 44880 2819740

-/+ buffers/cache: 373184 3399364

Swap: 4194300 0 4194300

Total: 7966848 3237804 4729044

掛載OS安裝光碟

[root@snow ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

建立repos檔案

root@snow ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# mv public-yum-ol6.repo public-yum-ol6.repo.bak

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# vi snow12c.repo

[Oracle]

name=OEL-$releasever - Media

baseurl=file:///mnt

gpgcheck=0

enabled=1

建立組、使用者、安裝rpm包

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

檢測組、使用者建立效果

[oracle@snow ~]$ id oracle

uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)

修改oracle密碼

root@snow yum.repos.d]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle

cat /etc/group

cat /etc/passwd

如果不符合要求可以修改或刪除

groupmod/groupdel

usremode/userdel

修改限制檔案

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft stack 10240

oracle hard stack 32768

禁用防火牆

# service iptables stop

iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]

iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]

iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]

禁用SELINUX，注意黃色字型

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

建立oracle安裝目錄

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

[root@snow yum.repos.d]# chmod -R 775 /u01

二，資料庫軟體準備工作

建立安裝介質目錄

su - oracle

[oracle@snow ~]$ mkdir -p orainst/12.1.0.1

ftp上傳介質到指定目錄

ftp linux_12c_database_1of2.zip /home/oracle/orainst/12.1.0.1

ftp linux_12c_database_2of2.zip /home/oracle/orainst/12.1.0.1

解壓縮安裝包

cd /home/oracle/orainst/12.1.0.1

unzip linux_12c_database_1of2.zip

unzip linux_12c_database_2of2.zip

建立oraInst.loc

$ cat /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory

inst_group=oinstall

chown oracle:oinstall oraInst.loc

chmod 664 oraInst.loc

配置bash_profile

cd /home/oracle

[oracle@snow ~]$ vi .bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.1/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=cdb

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

stty erase ^h

[oracle@snow ~]$ . .bash_profile

檢查環境變數是否生效

[oracle@snow ~]$ env|grep ORA

ORACLE_SID=cdb

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

三，配置應答檔案

複製一個應答檔案作為模板來修改

通常應答檔案在資料庫軟體解壓縮路徑下的response

cd /home/oracle/orainst/12.1.0.1/database/response

-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 58021 Aug 29 2012 dbca.rsp

-rw-rw-r--. 1 oracle oinstall 26690 May 24 2013 db_install.rsp

-rwxrwxr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 6038 Jun 18 2012 netca.rsp

cp -rp db_install.rsp inst.rsp

修改後的inst.rsp如下

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=snow.oracle.com

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.1

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper

oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES

執行應答方式安裝資料庫

[oracle@snow database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -force -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/orainst/12.1.0.1/database/response/inst.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 25953 MB Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 4095 MB Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-02-28_07-20-40AM. Please wait ...[oracle@snow database]$ [WARNING] [INS-35342] The specified group for Database Operator (OSOPER) group (Optional): may not be defined in the system.

CAUSE: The OS group you specified as Database Operator (OSOPER) group (Optional): may not be configured on the server, or in the Network Information Service (NIS).

ACTION: Check the group name you selected, and specify a different group, or create the group on the server or in the Network Information Service.

You can find the log of this install session at:

/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-02-28_07-20-40AM.log

The installation of Oracle Database 12c was successful.

Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2015-02-28_07-20-40AM.log' for more details.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):

1. /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/root.sh

Successfully Setup Software.

按照提示使用root使用者執行指令碼

[root@snow ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/root.sh

Check /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.1/db_1/install/root_snow.oracle.com_2015-02-28_07-23-11.log for the output of root script

測試軟體安裝效果

[oracle@snow ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sat Feb 28 08:30:43 2015

SQL>

由於篇幅較長，應答方式建立資料庫、配置等再後續的部落格中發出。

附錄

完整版應答檔案內容很多

除去註釋內容的方法：

[oracle@snow database]$ sed -n '/^[^#]/p' response/db_install.rsp

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0

oracle.install.option=

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=

INVENTORY_LOCATION=

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en

ORACLE_HOME=

ORACLE_BASE=

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=

oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=

oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=

oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=

oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=

oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=

oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=

oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

PROXY_REALM=

COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=

oracle.installer.autoupdates.downloadUpdatesLoc=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

AUTOUPDATES_MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

12c 應答方式安裝（一）資料庫軟體

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12c 應答方式安裝 （一）資料庫軟體

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12c 應答方式安裝（一）資料庫軟體