這裡討論的是列加密模式，即具有TDE encrypted column的表如何在源庫、目標庫之間透過expdp、impdp進行傳輸。前提是源庫和目標庫上的encryption wallet都必須處於open狀態，如果源庫或者目標庫有任何一側的wallet沒有open，都會引起匯入或者匯出操作的失敗。以下列舉了容易引起匯入匯出失敗的一些場景，幫我們更進一步的理解TDE的工作過程。

場景1：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於open狀態，不對匯出的dumpfile檔案進行加密；匯入時目標庫wallet處於open狀態

---源庫wallet處於open狀態下進行匯出

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t13 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t13 values('A','11');

commit;

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=exp_t13.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=exp_t13.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T13" 5.406 KB 1 rows

ORA-39173: Encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set.

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t13.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:21:16

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t13.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目標庫wallet處於open狀態，成功匯入

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."T13" 5.406 KB 1 rows

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:20:47

場景2：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於open狀態，不對匯出的dumpfile檔案進行加密；匯入時目標庫wallet處於close狀態

---源庫wallet處於open狀態下進行匯出

步驟同場景1

--目標庫wallet處於close狀態，匯入失敗

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---ORA-28365因wallet close所以無法建立encrypted column

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log;

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T13" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T13" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:22:17

場景3：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於close狀態，不對匯出的dumpfile檔案進行加密；匯入時目標庫wallet處於open狀態

---源庫匯出時wallet處於close狀態

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t14 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t14 values('B','22');

commit;

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---因為wallet處於close，所以無法對錶中加密列的資料進行解密，在接下來匯入的時候可以看到僅匯入了表結構

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=exp_t14.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes;

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=exp_t14.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."T14" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:

ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEPOPULATE callout

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

ORA-39173: Encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set.

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t14.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 16:31:12

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t14.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目標庫匯入

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

---匯入部分成功，欄位維持加密狀態

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:32:50

select owner,table_name,column_name from dba_encrypted_columns where table_name='T14';

OWNER TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

SCOTT T14 C1

---但查詢無內容，只把表結構匯入了進來，沒有任何資料

select * from scott.t14

no rows selected

---檢查t14表的加密key並和orapki命令輸出的相比較，impdp後表encrypted column自動使用了目標庫的masterkey進行加密，證明源和目標庫上的masterkey無需保持一致

col object_name format a13

col owner format a13

set linesize 120

select obj#,mkeyid,object_name,owner from enc$,dba_objects where object_id=obj#;

OBJ# MKEYID OBJECT_NAME OWNER

---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------

5553580 AZHXajyQJ08Iv5X80kXWLBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA T14 SCOTT

orapki wallet display -wallet /oradata06/wallet

Requested Certificates:

Subject: CN=oracle

User Certificates:

Oracle Secret Store entries:

ORACLE.SECURITY.DB.ENCRYPTION.AZHXajyQJ08Iv5X80kXWLBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ORACLE.SECURITY.DB.ENCRYPTION.MASTERKEY

ORACLE.SECURITY.TS.ENCRYPTION.BS8N9QmwrZrPOcpY6aJPnZYCAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Trusted Certificates:

場景4：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於close狀態，不對匯出的dumpfile檔案進行加密；匯入時目標庫wallet處於close狀態

---源庫匯出時wallet處於close狀態

匯出步驟同場景3,

---目標庫匯入

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

drop table scott.t14;

***目標庫的encryption wallet close，出現ORA-28353在意料之中

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T14" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T14" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:37:21

場景5：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於open狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中對加密列以加密方式儲存；匯入時目標庫wallet處於open狀態

---源庫匯出，wallet處於open狀態

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t15 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t15 values('C','33');

commit;

---注意這裡只能使用password模式，不能使用transparent和dual模式

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=exp_t15.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=tde_1234;

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=exp_t15.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=********

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T15" 5.460 KB 1 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t15.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:27:06

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t15.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目標庫wallet處於open狀態，成功匯入

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."T15" 5.460 KB 1 rows

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:28:58

場景6：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於open狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中對加密列以加密方式儲存；匯入時目標庫wallet處於close狀態

---源庫匯出，wallet處於open狀態

匯出步驟同場景5

---關閉目標庫的encryption wallet

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---ORA-28365因wallet close所以無法建立encrypted column

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=tde_1234

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39180: unable to encrypt ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

場景7：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於close狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中對加密列以加密方式儲存；因匯出即失敗所以無法繼續進行匯入

---源庫匯出，匯出時wallet處於close狀態

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t16 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t16 values('C','33');

commit;

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---注意這裡只能使用password模式，不能使用transparent和dual模式，之所以報錯是因為使用password對encrypted column在匯出時進行加密之前必須先用masterkey對encrypted列進行解密，對解密的結果再進行加密，而這時wallet close無法獲取到masterkey，所以加密過程就無法繼續

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t16.dmp tables=t16 logfile=exp_t16.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=tde_1234;

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39180: unable to encrypt ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

場景8：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於open狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中對所有列以加密方式儲存，又分別以encryption_mode=transparent和password兩種模式生成兩個dumpfile；匯入時目標庫wallet處於open狀態，並分別對上述兩種模式下匯出的dumpfile進行匯入

---源庫匯出，wallet處於open狀態

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t17 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t17 values('C','33');

commit;

---分別使用transparent和password兩種模式進行匯出

***transparent模式

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17t.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:00:06

***password模式

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=tde_1234;

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=********

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17p.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:01:18

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17t.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17p.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目標庫wallet處於open狀態，分別匯入transparent、password模式匯出的dmp

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

---匯入以encryption_mode=transparent方式匯出的t17t.dmp，因源、目標庫的masterkey不一致發生了ORA-28362，進一步導致ORA-39189目標庫無法解密由源庫masterkey加密的dumpfile

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39189: unable to decrypt dump file set

ORA-28362: master key not found

---匯入以encryption_mode=password方式匯出的t17p.dmp，匯入成功

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17p.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17p.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:03:14

場景9：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於open狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中對所有列以加密方式儲存，又分別以encryption_mode=transparent和password兩種模式生成兩個dumpfile；匯入時目標庫wallet處於close狀態，並分別對上述兩種模式下匯出的dumpfile進行匯入

--源庫匯出，wallet處於open狀態

匯出過程同場景8

--關閉目標庫的encryption wallet，再次嘗試以上兩種匯入

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---嘗試匯入以encryption=transparent方式匯出的t17t.dmp，因目標庫wallet close無法找到解密dmpfile所需的masterkey，匯入失敗

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39189: unable to decrypt dump file set

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

---嘗試匯入以encryption=password方式匯出的t17p.dmp，能夠解密出dmpfile，但是因目標庫wallet close，所以無法建立encrypted columns

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T17" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T17" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:09:10

場景10：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於close狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中對所有列以加密方式儲存，又分別以encryption_mode=transparent和password兩種模式生成兩個dumpfile；匯入時目標庫wallet處於open狀態，並分別對上述兩種模式下匯出的dumpfile進行匯入

---源庫匯出，匯出時wallet處於close狀態

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t18 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t18 values('C','33');

commit;

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---分別使用transparent和password兩種模式，前者需要masterkey加密dmpfile，後者需要先用masterkey解密encrypted columns後再用password加密，兩者都需要wallet open，但實際wallet處於close狀態，所以這兩種匯出都有問題

--transparent模式匯出失敗

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18t.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39188: unable to encrypt dump file set

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

--password模式匯出，僅匯出了表結構，因為無法使用masterkey Decrypt加密列

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=tde_1234;

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=********

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."T18" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:

ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEPOPULATE callout

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t18p.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:17:11

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t18p.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目標庫wallet處於open狀態，匯入encryption_mode=transparent方式匯出的t18p.dmp

因該方式下匯出dmpfile失敗，所以略去

---目標庫wallet處於open狀態，匯入encryption_mode=password方式匯出的t18p.dmp

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18p.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18p.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:22:05

***檢查t18表無內容，僅有表結構，相當於expdp時指定了encryption=metadata_only

SQL> select * from scott.t18;

no rows selected

場景11：匯出時源庫encryption wallet處於close狀態，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中對所有列以加密方式儲存，又分別以encryption_mode=transparent和password兩種模式生成兩個dumpfile；匯入時目標庫wallet處於close狀態，並分別對上述兩種模式下匯出的dumpfile進行匯入

---源庫匯出，匯出時wallet處於close狀態

匯出步驟同場景10

--關閉目標庫的encryption wallet，再次嘗試以上匯入

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---嘗試匯入encryption_mode=transparent方式匯出的t18p.dmp

因該方式下匯出dmpfile失敗，所以略去

---嘗試匯入以encryption=password方式匯出的t18p.dmp，因目標庫wallet close，無法建立encrypted columns，匯入失敗

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18t.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18t.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T18" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T18" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:24:04

針對實驗場景的結果歸納如下：

源庫expdp時的encryption wallet狀態	能否正常匯出加密表	目標庫impdp 時的encryption wallet狀態	Expdp引數Encryption_mode取值	Expdp引數Encryption取值	匯入結果
Open	能	Open	無	無	正常
Open	能	Close	無	無	失敗
Close	能	Open	無	無	僅表結構
Close	能	Close	無	無	失敗
Open	能	Open	password	ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY	正常
Open	能	Close	password	ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY	失敗
Close	否	-	password	ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY	-
Open	能	Open	transparent	ALL	失敗
Open	能	Open	password	ALL	正常
Open	能	Close	transparent	ALL	失敗
Open	能	Close	password	ALL	失敗
Close	否	-	transparent	ALL	-
Close	能	open	password	All	僅表結構
Close	能	Close	password	All	失敗

總結：

含有加密列的表進行匯出、匯入時：

1、源庫上執行匯出操作時encryption wallet只有處於open狀態才能匯出完整的內容，如果是close的情況下一般會把表結構匯出（但encryption= ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY和encryption_mode=transparent兩種情況除外，這兩種情況連表結構都不會匯出，直接報錯退出）

2、目標庫執行匯入操作時，需要先對dumpfile檔案進行解密(如果expdp出來的時候進行了加密)，再用自己的masterkey重新對錶進行加密，這兩個步驟中任意一個有問題都會引起匯入失敗

3、如果安全上允許建議啟用auto login encryption wallet，資料庫重啟後會自動open

使用datapump傳輸加密表請先確認TDE Encryption wallet狀態

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