【LISTENER】Oracle 10g監聽的本地作業系統認證（Local OS Authentication）安全特性
Oracle 10g版本以及之後的版本中推出了監聽的本地作業系統認證安全特性，即Local OS Authentication。
這個安全特性簡言之：若監聽程式是在當前使用者下啟動的，則當前使用者具有管理監聽的所有權利，其他使用者對監聽的管理將受到限制。注意，這裡啟動和管理監聽的使用者不一定是oracle使用者。
本文將就此特性給出實際驗證。
1.檢視監聽的安全特性
在oracle使用者下檢視監聽狀態。
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:04:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-MAR-2011 22:51:53
Uptime 0 days 23 hr. 12 min. 9 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10g_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
注意status命令返回的“Security ON: Local OS Authentication”資訊，此條提示資訊表明監聽處於Local OS Authentication認證模式。
2.嘗試在非oracle使用者下停止監聽
從oracle使用者切換到作業系統secooler使用者。
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ su - secooler
Password:
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ id
uid=666(secooler) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)
嘗試在secooler使用者下停止監聽程式。
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ lsnrctl stop listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:01:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-01190: The user is not authorized to execute the requested listener command
可見，此時返回TNS-01190錯誤，此條錯誤便是監聽的本地作業系統認證特性在起作用。因為此環境中監聽是由oracle使用者啟動的。
3.嘗試非oracle使用者啟動監聽程式
1）在oracle使用者中停掉監聽程式
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:07:16
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
2）在secooler使用者中啟動監聽
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:07:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Log messages written to /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 22-MAR-2011 22:08:10
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
可見，監聽順利啟動，稍等片刻，等待資料庫例項動態註冊到監聽。
在secooler使用者下檢視監聽狀態
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 22-MAR-2011 22:08:10
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10g_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
此時，監聽在secooler使用者下執行正常。
可以透過ps命令再次確定監聽的確是由secooler使用者啟動的。
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ ps -ef | grep -i listener | grep -v grep
secooler 5794 1 0 22:08 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
4.回到oracle使用者嘗試關閉監聽
由於此時監聽程式是在secooler使用者下啟動的，根據Local OS Authentication特性，此時oracle使用者是無權關閉監聽程式的。驗證一下。
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:27:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-01190: The user is not authorized to execute the requested listener command
結論得以證實。此時oracle使用者無法停止由secooler使用者啟動的監聽程式。
5.被限制的監聽操作命令列表
本文是以關閉監聽程式為例進行演示的。除了STOP操作之外被限制使用的命令如下所示。
SAVE_CONFIG, TRACE, SPAWN, RELOAD,
SET {LOG_FILE, LOG_STATUS, INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, SAVE_CONFIG_STOP_ON, TRC_FILE, TRC_LEVEL, LOG_DIRECTORY, STARTUP_WAITTIME}
SHOW {RULES, TRC_DIRECTORY, LOG_FILE, LOG_STATUS, INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, SNMP_VISIBLE, TRC_FILE, TRC_LEVEL, LOG_DIRECTORY, STARTUP_WAITTIME, SAVE_CONFIG_STOP_ON}
在非啟動監聽使用者下執行上述命令均會收到TNS-01190錯誤。
6.小結
Oracle 10g的本地作業系統認證（Local OS Authentication）安全特性避免了監聽管理過程中的混亂現象。在理解了這個特性真實意圖後，監聽的安全性便有了保證。
Good luck.
secooler
11.03.22
-- The End --
這個安全特性簡言之：若監聽程式是在當前使用者下啟動的，則當前使用者具有管理監聽的所有權利，其他使用者對監聽的管理將受到限制。注意，這裡啟動和管理監聽的使用者不一定是oracle使用者。
本文將就此特性給出實際驗證。
1.檢視監聽的安全特性
在oracle使用者下檢視監聽狀態。
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:04:03
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 21-MAR-2011 22:51:53
Uptime 0 days 23 hr. 12 min. 9 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10g_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
注意status命令返回的“Security ON: Local OS Authentication”資訊，此條提示資訊表明監聽處於Local OS Authentication認證模式。
2.嘗試在非oracle使用者下停止監聽
從oracle使用者切換到作業系統secooler使用者。
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ su - secooler
Password:
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ id
uid=666(secooler) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper)
嘗試在secooler使用者下停止監聽程式。
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ lsnrctl stop listener
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:01:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-01190: The user is not authorized to execute the requested listener command
可見，此時返回TNS-01190錯誤，此條錯誤便是監聽的本地作業系統認證特性在起作用。因為此環境中監聽是由oracle使用者啟動的。
3.嘗試非oracle使用者啟動監聽程式
1）在oracle使用者中停掉監聽程式
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:07:16
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
The command completed successfully
2）在secooler使用者中啟動監聽
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:07:24
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Log messages written to /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 22-MAR-2011 22:08:10
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
可見，監聽順利啟動，稍等片刻，等待資料庫例項動態註冊到監聽。
在secooler使用者下檢視監聽狀態
LSNRCTL> status
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 22-MAR-2011 22:08:10
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Log File /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/network/log/listener.log
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=secdb)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10gXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora10g_XPT" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ora11g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora11g", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
此時，監聽在secooler使用者下執行正常。
可以透過ps命令再次確定監聽的確是由secooler使用者啟動的。
ora10g@secdb /home/secooler$ ps -ef | grep -i listener | grep -v grep
secooler 5794 1 0 22:08 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/ora10gR2/product/10.2.0/db_2/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
4.回到oracle使用者嘗試關閉監聽
由於此時監聽程式是在secooler使用者下啟動的，根據Local OS Authentication特性，此時oracle使用者是無權關閉監聽程式的。驗證一下。
ora10g@secdb /home/oracle$ lsnrctl stop
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-MAR-2011 22:27:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
TNS-01190: The user is not authorized to execute the requested listener command
結論得以證實。此時oracle使用者無法停止由secooler使用者啟動的監聽程式。
5.被限制的監聽操作命令列表
本文是以關閉監聽程式為例進行演示的。除了STOP操作之外被限制使用的命令如下所示。
SAVE_CONFIG, TRACE, SPAWN, RELOAD,
SET {LOG_FILE, LOG_STATUS, INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, SAVE_CONFIG_STOP_ON, TRC_FILE, TRC_LEVEL, LOG_DIRECTORY, STARTUP_WAITTIME}
SHOW {RULES, TRC_DIRECTORY, LOG_FILE, LOG_STATUS, INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT, SNMP_VISIBLE, TRC_FILE, TRC_LEVEL, LOG_DIRECTORY, STARTUP_WAITTIME, SAVE_CONFIG_STOP_ON}
在非啟動監聽使用者下執行上述命令均會收到TNS-01190錯誤。
6.小結
Oracle 10g的本地作業系統認證（Local OS Authentication）安全特性避免了監聽管理過程中的混亂現象。在理解了這個特性真實意圖後，監聽的安全性便有了保證。
Good luck.
secooler
11.03.22
-- The End --
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/519536/viewspace-690203/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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