【OCR】OCR備份策略及備份介質有效性驗證
Oracle RAC的OCR存放著叢集和資料庫的重要配置資訊。因此掌握其備份和恢復的方法甚是重要。我們可以對OCR進行手工邏輯備份，也可以依賴系統的自動備份策略。
系統對OCR的自動備份策略如下：
①.每4個小時自動生成一份OCR備份，並保留最後3個備份。
②.CRSD程式還會在每天開始時生成OCR備份，並保留最後2個備份。
③.CRSD程式還會在每週開始時生成OCR備份，並保留最後2個備份。
因此正常情況下OCR的備份目錄下應該有最近7個備份。
在此，給出OCR的備份和恢復策略。
1.為了安全起見，生成一份OCR的邏輯備份
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/app/crs/bin/ocrconfig -export ocr_logical_backup
[root@rac1 ~]# ls -l ocr_logical_backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 103969 Nov 5 20:10 ocr_logical_backup
2.確定OCR的物理備份資訊
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/app/crs/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
rac1 2010/10/26 05:20:57 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2010/10/26 01:20:56 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac2 2010/10/24 22:34:18 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2010/10/26 01:20:56 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2010/10/22 23:54:15 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
[root@rac1 ~]# ls -l /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
total 23560
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 26 05:20 backup00.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 26 01:20 backup01.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 24 15:54 backup02.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 27 02:10 day_.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 26 01:20 day.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 29 23:04 week_.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 22 23:54 week.ocr
以上三個備份即為系統自動生成的7個備份。
3.在RAC的所有節點上停止CRS資源。完成確認CRS狀態
1）停止CRS資源之前狀態
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....DB1.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB2.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.....taf.cs application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
2）分別停止兩個節點上的CRS資源
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ srvctl stop nodeapps -n rac1
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ srvctl stop nodeapps -n rac2
3）確認CRS資源已經停止完畢
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....B2.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.RACDB.db application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....DB1.srv application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....DB2.srv application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.....taf.cs application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....SM1.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....C1.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....SM2.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....C2.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE
4.停止兩個節點上的CRS
1）停止第一個節點上的CRS
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
2）停止第二個節點上的CRS
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
5.使用最近的一次備份恢復OCR
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/app/crs/bin/ocrconfig -restore /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr
[root@rac1 ~]#
6.重新啟動兩個節點上的CRS
1）啟動第一個節點上的CRS
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
此處稍等幾分鐘後，確認第一節點上的CRS資源已經成功啟動。
[root@rac1 ~]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB1.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB2.srv application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.....taf.cs application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
2）啟動第二個節點上的CRS
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
此處需要稍等幾分鐘，然後確認所有節點上的CRS資源均已成功啟動。
[root@rac1 ~]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB1.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB2.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.....taf.cs application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
7.檢視RAC所有節點上OCR的狀態是否正常
[root@rac1 bin]# su - oracle
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ /oracle/app/crs/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n all
Verifying OCR integrity
Checking OCR integrity...
Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...
All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations.
Uniqueness check for OCR device passed.
Checking the version of OCR...
OCR of correct Version "2" exists.
Checking data integrity of OCR...
Data integrity check for OCR passed.
OCR integrity check passed.
Verification of OCR integrity was successful.
到此，OCR恢復成功。
8.小結
鑑於OCR的重要性，Oracle預設提供了系統級別的備份方法。這樣可以避免故障出現時由於沒有備份導致OCR無法恢復的煩惱。即便如此，OCR的備份是否生成成功和其有效性檢查伊然重要。與此同時亦可以結合手工備份來保證備份萬無一失。
Good luck.
secooler
10.11.05
-- The End --
系統對OCR的自動備份策略如下：
①.每4個小時自動生成一份OCR備份，並保留最後3個備份。
②.CRSD程式還會在每天開始時生成OCR備份，並保留最後2個備份。
③.CRSD程式還會在每週開始時生成OCR備份，並保留最後2個備份。
因此正常情況下OCR的備份目錄下應該有最近7個備份。
在此，給出OCR的備份和恢復策略。
1.為了安全起見，生成一份OCR的邏輯備份
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/app/crs/bin/ocrconfig -export ocr_logical_backup
[root@rac1 ~]# ls -l ocr_logical_backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 103969 Nov 5 20:10 ocr_logical_backup
2.確定OCR的物理備份資訊
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/app/crs/bin/ocrconfig -showbackup
rac1 2010/10/26 05:20:57 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2010/10/26 01:20:56 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac2 2010/10/24 22:34:18 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2010/10/26 01:20:56 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
rac1 2010/10/22 23:54:15 /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
[root@rac1 ~]# ls -l /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs
total 23560
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 26 05:20 backup00.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 26 01:20 backup01.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 24 15:54 backup02.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 27 02:10 day_.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 26 01:20 day.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 29 23:04 week_.ocr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4812800 Oct 22 23:54 week.ocr
以上三個備份即為系統自動生成的7個備份。
3.在RAC的所有節點上停止CRS資源。完成確認CRS狀態
1）停止CRS資源之前狀態
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....DB1.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB2.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.....taf.cs application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
2）分別停止兩個節點上的CRS資源
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ srvctl stop nodeapps -n rac1
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ srvctl stop nodeapps -n rac2
3）確認CRS資源已經停止完畢
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....B2.inst application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.RACDB.db application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....DB1.srv application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....DB2.srv application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.....taf.cs application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....SM1.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....C1.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....SM2.asm application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....C2.lsnr application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.gsd application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.vip application OFFLINE OFFLINE
4.停止兩個節點上的CRS
1）停止第一個節點上的CRS
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
2）停止第二個節點上的CRS
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stop crs
Stopping resources.
Successfully stopped CRS resources
Stopping CSSD.
Shutting down CSS daemon.
Shutdown request successfully issued.
5.使用最近的一次備份恢復OCR
[root@rac1 ~]# /oracle/app/crs/bin/ocrconfig -restore /oracle/app/crs/cdata/crs/backup00.ocr
[root@rac1 ~]#
6.重新啟動兩個節點上的CRS
1）啟動第一個節點上的CRS
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
此處稍等幾分鐘後，確認第一節點上的CRS資源已經成功啟動。
[root@rac1 ~]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB1.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB2.srv application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.....taf.cs application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
2）啟動第二個節點上的CRS
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs
Attempting to start CRS stack
The CRS stack will be started shortly
此處需要稍等幾分鐘，然後確認所有節點上的CRS資源均已成功啟動。
[root@rac1 ~]# crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....B1.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....B2.inst application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.RACDB.db application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB1.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....DB2.srv application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.....taf.cs application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
7.檢視RAC所有節點上OCR的狀態是否正常
[root@rac1 bin]# su - oracle
RACDB1@rac1 /home/oracle$ /oracle/app/crs/bin/cluvfy comp ocr -n all
Verifying OCR integrity
Checking OCR integrity...
Checking the absence of a non-clustered configuration...
All nodes free of non-clustered, local-only configurations.
Uniqueness check for OCR device passed.
Checking the version of OCR...
OCR of correct Version "2" exists.
Checking data integrity of OCR...
Data integrity check for OCR passed.
OCR integrity check passed.
Verification of OCR integrity was successful.
到此，OCR恢復成功。
8.小結
鑑於OCR的重要性，Oracle預設提供了系統級別的備份方法。這樣可以避免故障出現時由於沒有備份導致OCR無法恢復的煩惱。即便如此，OCR的備份是否生成成功和其有效性檢查伊然重要。與此同時亦可以結合手工備份來保證備份萬無一失。
Good luck.
secooler
10.11.05
-- The End --
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/28389881/viewspace-1251206/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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