高效能人士的七個習慣(3)個人管理的原則:先做優先順序高的事
Put First Things First Principles of Personal Management 個人管理的原則:先做優先順序高的事
Habit 3: “Habit 1 I am the Programmer. Habit 2 Write the Program. Habit 3 Execute the Program.” 1,我是個程式設計師;2,編寫程式;3,執行程式。
Habit 3 is Personal Management, the exercise of independent will to create a life congruent with your values, goals and mission. habit 3是個人管理,關於獨立的練習會終生伴隨你的價值,目標,任務(#我沒明白:(
Time management is an essential skill for personal management. The essence of time management is to organize and execute around priorities.Methods of time management have developed in these stages: 1) notes and checklists recognizing multiple demands on our time; 2) calendars and appointment books scheduling events and activities; 3) prioritizing, clarifying values integrating our daily planning with goal setting (The downside of this approach is increasing efficiency can reduce the spontaneity and relationships of life.); 4) managing ourselves rather than managing time focusing in preserving and enhancing relationships and accomplishing results, thus maintaining the P/PC balance (production versus building production capacity). 個人管理的本質就是時間管理。時間管理的本質就是重點事務的組織和執行。時間管理的方法有以下幾個層次: 1)以筆記和清單方式進行時間管理(處理需求); 2)以日曆和日程表安排活動和事務; 3)根據目的對我們的日常計劃統一設定優先順序和價值;(這種方式的缺點是提高效率會降低生活的自發性以及以不能很好的處理關係)(#感覺不太好:( 4)管理我們自己而不是去管理時間,應該維持與加強關係,實現我們想要的結果(#這個句子好糾結:( ,從而維持生產能力與 之間的平衡(以生產能力決定產量)
A matrix can be made of the characteristics of activities, classifying them as urgent or not urgent, important or not important. 可以根據活動的特點構建一個二維座標系,可以以緊急或不緊急,重要或不重要來進行分類。
Quadrant I activities are urgent and important called problems or crises. Focusing on Quadrant I results in it getting bigger and bigger until it dominates you. 第一象限的活動是緊急而重要的,可稱為問題或危機,集中精力於這些事情,否則它們會越來越大最終支配你。
Quadrant III activities are urgent and not important, and often misclassified as Quadrant I. 第三象限的活動緊急但不重要,它們經常被分到第一象限。
Quadrant IV is the escape Quadrant activities that are not urgent and not important. 第四象限的活動不緊急也不重要,是需要無禮的部分。
Effective people stay out of Quadrants III and IV because they aren't important. They shrink Quadrant I down to size by spending more time in Quadrant II. 高效人士會遠離第三,第四象限因為它們不重要。他們花更多的時間在第二象限以減少第一象限的量。
Quadrant II activities are important, but not urgent. Working on this Quadrant is the heart of personal time management. These are PC activities. 第二象限的活動重要,但不緊急。處理這些事情是個人時間管理的核心。這些是決定生產力的活動。
Quadrant II activities are high impact activities that when done regularly would make a tremendous difference in your life. (Including implementing the Seven Habits.) 第二象限的活動是有很大影響力的活動,如果你經常處理的是第二象限的事會有巨大的成就。
Initially, the time for Quadrant II activities must come from Quadrants III and IV. Quadrant I can't be ignored, but should eventually shrink with attention to Quadrant II. 最初,第二象限的時間來自於第三第四象限。第一象限不可忽視,但如果你重視第二象限,第一象限會縮小。 1) Prioritize 2) Organize Around Priorities 3) Discipline yourself 1)把活動區分優先次序 2)以優先次序分類 3)自律
A critical skill for personal management is delegation. Effectively delegating to others is perhaps the single most powerful highleverage activity there is. Delegation enables you to devote your energies to highlevel activities in addition to enabling personal growth for individuals and organizations. 個從管理關鍵性的一個技能就是委託。高效地委託給別人可能是單一強大的槓桿作用。(?)委託使你可能集中精力於重要的事務,也可以促進個人和組織的成長。
There are two types of delegation: Gofer Delegation and Supervision of Efforts (Stewardship). 有兩種委託方式,一種是具體事務的委託,另一種是管理事務委託。
Using Gofer Delegation requires dictating not only what to do, but how to do it. The supervisor then must function as a "boss," micromanaging the progress of the "subordinate." 使用具體事務委託事,不但要讓其知道要做什麼,還要告知怎麼做。而管理委託則更像一個代理老大,管理其他人下級的工作
More effective managers use Stewardship Delegation, which focuses on results instead of methods. People are able to choose the method to achieve the results. It takes more time up front, but has greater benefits. Stewardship Delegation requires a clear, upfront mutual understanding of and commitment to expectations in five areas: 比較有的管理者使用管理委託,他會看結果而不是方法。做事的人可以選擇完成的方法。這樣前期會花比較多的時間,但收益也更大。管理委託需要一個清晰,之前需要共同理解了確認以下五方面的預期:
1. Desired Results Have the person see it, describe it, make a quality statement of what the results will look like and by when they will be accomplished. 需要的結果: 需要有人看到,描述,並規定結果的質量和完成的時間。
2. Guidelines Identify the parameters within which the individual should operate, and what potential "failure paths" might be. Keep the responsibility for results with the person delegated to. 準則:確認每個人的工作範圍,可能的陷阱誤區,並保證負責人對結果負責。
3. Resources Identify the resources available to accomplish the required results. 資源: 確認實現結果所能提供的資源。 4. Accountability Set standards of performance to be used in evaluating the results and specific times when reporting and evaluation will take place. 責任:制定表現標準以評估結果,明確報告和評估的時間
5. Consequences Specify what will happen as a result of the evaluation, including psychic or financial rewards and penalties. 結果:說明對可能的評估的處理。包括精神上和經濟上的獎懲。
Immature people can handle fewer results and need more guidelines and more accountability interviews. Mature people can handle more challenging desired results with fewer guidelines and accountability interviews. 不成熟的人只能處理很少的結果並需要更多的指導和責任說明。成熟的人可以在很小的引導和責任說明的性況下處理更有挑戰性的結果
"Treat a man as he is and he will remain as he is. Treat a man as he can and should be and he will become as he can and should be." 以一個人的現狀對待他,他就會保持現狀。以一個人潛力能達到的水平對待他,他就能做到他潛力能達到的水平。
Paradigms of Interdependence 相互依賴的示例
The most important ingredient we put into any relationship is not what we say or do, but who we are. 我們在構建任何關係的時候最重要構成部分的並不是我是說了或做了什麼,而是我們是什麼樣的人。
In order to receive the benefits of interdependence, we need to create and care for the relationships that are the source of the benefits. 為了得到相互依賴的益處,我們需要建立和維持我們的關係益處的來源。
The Emotional Bank Account describes how trust is built on a relationship. Positive behaviors are deposits building a reserve. Negative behaviors are withdrawals. A high reserve balance results in higher tolerance for our mistakes and more open communication. 情感賬戶描述了怎麼在關係中建立信任。 積極的行為應該是投入並沉澱。消極的行為是消耗。較深的沉澱會使雙方更多地容忍錯誤,和更深入的交流。
There are six major deposits we can make to the emotional bank account: 以下有六種增加情感賬戶的方法: 1. Understanding the individual. An individual's values determine what actions will result in a deposit or a withdrawal for that individual. To build a relationship, you must learn what is important to the other person and make it as important to you as the other person is to you. Understand others deeply as individuals and then treat them in terms of that understanding. 理解個人。一個人的價值取決於他是在存還是在取。為了建立關係,你要學會對別人來說什麼重要,那麼就以對你來說同等重要的方式來處理。真正深入理解一個人,並理解他們。
2. Attend to the little things, which are the big things in relationships. 關注細節是處理關係的重中之重。
3. Keep commitments. Breaking a promise is a major withdrawal. 保證你的承諾,失信是最大的提現。
4. Clarify expectations. The cause of almost all relationship difficulties is rooted in ambiguous, conflicting expectations around roles and goals. Making an investment of time and effort up front saves time, effort and a major withdrawal later. 澄清預期: 引起關係問題的根本是歧義,在責任和目的的預期上有衝突。預先投入時間和努力會節約時間,努力,和信任流失。
5. Show personal integrity. A lack of integrity can undermine almost any effort to create a high trust reserve. Honesty requires conforming our words to reality. Integrity requires conforming reality to our words, keeping promises and fulfilling expectations. The key to the many is the one, especially the one that tests the patience and good humor of the many. How you treat the one reveals how you regard the many, because everyone is ultimately a one. 展現個人誠實. 缺乏誠實會破壞幾乎所有努力建立起來的高層次的信任。 誠實需要我們實現自己的諾言。誠實需要遵守諾言,保證預期的實現。 其中的關鍵只有一個,尤其是那個檢驗耐心和幽默。你怎麼對待那一個就會透露你怎麼處理其它,因為你就是你。
6. Apologize sincerely when you make a withdrawal. Sincere apologies are deposits, but repeated apologies are interpreted as insincere, resulting in withdrawals. 當你有損信任時請真誠道歉。真誠也是增加信任,但不停的道歉就被認為是欺騙,會造成信任流失。
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