1.使用審計，需要啟用審計
sys@ora10> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
sys@ora10> show parameter audit_sys_operations;

NAME                  TYPE    VALUE
--------------------- ------- -----
audit_sys_operations boolean FALSE
sys@ora10> show parameter audit_trail;

NAME        TYPE    VALUE
----------- ------- -------
audit_trail string NONE
sys@ora10> alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;

System altered.

sys@ora10> alter system set audit_trail=db scope=spfile;

System altered.

sys@ora10> startup force
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 146800640 bytes
Fixed Size                  1260576 bytes
Variable Size             130024416 bytes
Database Buffers           12582912 bytes
Redo Buffers                2932736 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

SQL> show parameter audit;
sys@ora10> show parameter audit;

NAME                  TYPE      VALUE
--------------------- --------- ------------------------------------
audit_file_dest       string    /oracle/app/oracle/admin/ora10/adump
audit_sys_operations boolean   TRUE
audit_syslog_level    string
audit_trail           string    DB

2.審計test_tab表
sys@ora10> create user sec identified by sec;

User created.

sys@ora10> grant dba to sec;

Grant succeeded.

sys@ora10> conn sec/sec
Connected.
sec@ora10> create table test_tab (a number,b number);

Table created.

sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (1,1);
sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (2,2);
sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (3,3);
sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (4,4);
sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (5,5);
sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (6,6);

sec@ora10> audit all on test_tab;

Audit succeeded.

sec@ora10> select * from test_tab;

         A          B
---------- ----------
         1          1
         2          2
         3          3
         4          4
         5          5
         6          6

6 rows selected.

sec@ora10> insert into test_tab values (7,7);

1 row created.

sec@ora10> commit;

Commit complete.

3.檢視審計結果
sec@ora10> conn /as sysdba

Connected.
sys@ora10> select count(*) from dba_audit_trail;

COUNT(*)
----------
         1

sys@ora10> col OBJ_NAME for a20
sys@ora10> select username,ses_actions,obj_name,to_char(timestamp,'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') from dba_audit_trail;

USERNAME SES_ACTIONS      OBJ_NAME   TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'
--------- ---------------- ---------- -------------------
SEC       -S----B--S------ TEST_TAB   2008-11-20 01:13:35

4.禁止審計
sec@ora10> noaudit all on test_tab;

Noaudit succeeded.

5.sec使用者為dba的使用者，使用精細審計，這樣可以知道具體的使用者更新的資料
sec@ora10> sho user
USER is "SEC"

6.審計test_tab表
sys@ora10> exec dbms_fga.add_policy(object_schema=>'SEC', object_name=> 'TEST_TAB', policy_name=> 'check_test_tab',statement_types => 'INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

sec@ora10> select count(*) from dba_fga_audit_trail;

COUNT(*)
----------
         0
sec@ora10> select * from test_tab;

         A          B
---------- ----------
         1          1
         2          2
         3          3
         4          4
         5          5
         6          6
         7          7

7 rows selected.

sec@ora10> delete test_tab where a=1;

1 row deleted.

sec@ora10> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(*) from dba_fga_audit_trail;
COUNT(*)
----------
3

SQL> col sql_text for a40
SQL> select db_user,sql_text from dba_fga_audit_trail

7.取消和啟用精細審計
sys@ora10> exec dbms_fga.disable_policy(object_schema=>'SEC', object_name=> 'TEST_TAB', policy_name=> 'check_test_tab');
sys@ora10> exec dbms_fga.enable_policy(object_schema=>'SEC', object_name=> 'TEST_TAB', policy_name=> 'check_test_tab');

-- The End --

【實驗】Oracle審計語句的使用演示

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