rac 安裝完成，關閉之後重啟資料庫遇到如下錯誤：

oracle@rac1:/tmp>sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 2 13:17:14 2011

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

ORA-01565: error in identifying file '+DATA1/rac/spfilerac.ora'

ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA1/rac/spfilerac.ora

ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

檢查alert日誌檔案，有如下記錄：

TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact

ns secondary err code: 12560

nt main err code: 517

TNS-00517: Lost contact

nt secondary err code: 32

nt OS err code: 0

ERROR: Failed to connect with connect string: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/opt/rac/11.2.0/grid/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oracle+ASM1_asmb_rac1)(ENVS='ORACLE_HOME=/opt/rac/11.2.0/grid,ORACLE_SID=+ASM1')(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))'))(enable=setuser))

Errors in file /opt/rac/oracle/diag/rdbms/rac/rac1/trace/rac1_asmb_21386.trc:

ORA-15055: unable to connect to ASM instance

ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

Fatal NI connect error 12547, connecting to:

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/opt/rac/11.2.0/grid/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oracle+ASM1_asmb_rac1)(ENVS='ORACLE_HOME=/opt/rac/11.2.0/grid,ORACLE_SID=+ASM1')(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))'))(enable=setuser)(CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=oracle@rac1)(HOST=rac1)(USER=oracle))))

VERSION INFORMATION:

TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Time: 02-SEP-2011 13:31:15

Tracing not turned on.

Tns error struct:

ns main err code: 12547

TNS-12547: TNS:lost contact

ns secondary err code: 12560

nt main err code: 517

TNS-00517: Lost contact

nt secondary err code: 32

nt OS err code: 0

ERROR: Failed to connect with connect string: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)(PROGRAM=/opt/rac/11.2.0/grid/bin/oracle)(ARGV0=oracle+ASM1_asmb_rac1)(ENVS='ORACLE_HOME=/opt/rac/11.2.0/grid,ORACLE_SID=+ASM1')(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))'))(enable=setuser))

Fri Sep 02 13:31:18 2011

Starting background process ASMB

Fri Sep 02 13:31:18 2011

ASMB started with pid=26, OS id=21450

此時檢查asm 例項，asm磁碟組是online的：

grid@rac1:/home/grid>crsctl stat res -t

NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.DATA1.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac1 ========>DG are online

ora.DATA2.dg ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.LISTENER.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.asm ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started

ora.ons OFFLINE OFFLINE rac1

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.diskmon1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.evmd1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1

ora.jrdwyf.db1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown

做如下檢查：問題出現在ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle,GI_HOME/bin/oracle 檔案的許可權設定上：

grid@rac1:/opt/11.2.0/grid/bin>ls -al oracle

-rwxr-x--x 1 grid oinstall 200678464 Feb 28 14:54 racle =============>incorrect

oracle@rac1:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/jrdwyf/bin>ls -al oracle

-rwxr-x--x 1 oracle asmadmin 228886191 Feb 28 15:41 racle=============>incorrect

測試登入asm例項！

grid@rac1:/home/grid>sqlplus "/ as sysasm"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Mar 11 13:45:35 2011

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL>

正確的應該是：

$ls -l $GI_HOME/bin/oracle:

Correct permission should be:

-rwsr-s--x 1 grid oinstall 152400480 Sep 2 15:49 oracle

$ls -l $ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle:

Correct permission should be:

-r-sr-sr-x 1 oracle asmadmin 173389085 Sep 2 15:51 oracle

因此在每個節點上修改$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle，$GI_HOME/bin/oracle許可權即可：

#cd /opt/11.2.0/grid/bin

#chmod 6751 oracle

#ls -l oracle

Correct permission should be:

-rwsr-s--x 1 grid oinstall 152400480 09-02 16:12 oracle

#cd /opt/oracle/11.2.0/db/bin

#chmod 6555 oracle

#ls -l oracle

Correct permission should be:

-r-sr-sr-x 1 oracle asmadmin 173389085 09-02 16:16 oracle

修改之後，可以startup DB;

附上官方的解釋：

The issue is caused by incorrect permissions of GI_HOME/bin/oracle and ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle, which lead to connections failed from an RDBMS instance (RDBMS) to the ASM instance.

For this customer, the ASM instance works fine and the DG have been mounted, the permissions of GI_HOME/bin/oracle and ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle are incorrect.

If the permissions are incorrect, this will lead to connections failed from an RDBMS instance (RDBMS) to the ASM instance.$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle is the main Oracle RDBMS kernel binary, and implements the functions of all background daemons: PMON, SMON, DBWR, LGWR, CKPT, etc.

Connection functionality implies attach to SGA shared memory, which needs to be initialized at instance startup; this happens with routines inside bin/oracle and (at a very high level) user privileges of who starts up the instance need to match with user privileges of who wants to connect to the instance.

Database open implies opening files; this also happens in code inside bin/oracle. Again, privileges of who starts up the instance and attempts to open the database need to match the privileges of files where the data actually resides.ASM is implemented as an Oracle instance - starting out of the bin/oracle in GI_HOME; so you'll also have connections from an ORACLE_HOME instance (RDBMS) and a GI_HOME instance (ASM) for I/O path translations.

【RAC】ORA-15055: unable to connect to ASM instanceORA-12547: TNS:lost contact

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