環境：

版本 11.2.0.1

1 primary :

name： rac

ip： 10.250.7.226

scan ip：10.250.7.200

使用ASM儲存資料

2 standby ：

name ： yangdb

ip ：10.250.7.241

使用filesystem 儲存資料

在11gr2 版本中，oracle 提供了duplicate from active database 的功能，也就是可以不用備份源資料庫，就可以直接建立standby 或者複製源庫！相對於單例項使用duplicate建立物理備庫，在建立RAC的standby時遇到很多錯誤！

比較多的是：

ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server

ORA-17627: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified

ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server

安裝完成後遇到：

ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 2

ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 2: '/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb/group_3.259.761070477'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

這裡先給出整個安裝的步驟：

1 在目標庫上安裝oracle 資料庫軟體，僅僅安裝軟體不建立資料庫。將rac 節點的密碼檔案複製到目標庫，並命重新命名為orapw，保持主庫和備庫的密碼一致

2 建立資料庫的對應檔案目錄：oracle 對應的跟蹤檔案目錄，資料檔案存放的目錄，閃回恢復區，歸檔目錄

audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/yangdb/adump'

diagnostic_dest='/opt/oracle'

db_create_file_dest='/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb'

db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/opt/oracle/arch'

否則，在重啟stanby庫的時候會報錯說沒有對應檔案或目錄！

3 配置主庫和備庫的tnsnames.ora檔案

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/11.2.0/yangdb/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

yangdb =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.250.7.241)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = yangdb)

)

rac =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

# (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.250.7.226)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.250.7.200)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = rac)

)

在主庫中新增備庫的tns連線

#scan 對應的IP為：10.250.7.200

RAC =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = scan)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = rac)

)

yangdb =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.250.7.241)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = yangdb)

)

主庫和備庫配置好以後，要使用tnsping 命令檢視是否能夠ping通(在我的實踐中，tnsping能透過，但是卻報錯ORA-17629: Cannot connect to the remote database server)，最後重啟監聽！生產環境中可以使用lsnrctl 的reload命令。

我在搭建的過程中，實際在oracle的TNS_HOME/admin 下的tnsnams.ora 和grid 的NET_HOME/admin 下的tnsnames.ora 分別都新增了備庫的tns 連線！！

4 建立備庫的引數檔案，非常簡單隻需要一個db_name引數就可以了

oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/yangdb/dbs>cat inityangdb.ora

*.db_name=rac

使用duplicate方式建立備庫或者複製資料庫的時候，oracle會自動從源庫中複製spfile到目標庫，其中需要修改的引數則透過指定的spfile引數下使用set 命令重新命名！

5 修改主庫引數檔案：

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(rac,yangdb)' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=yangdb ARCH SYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=yangdb' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;

記得一定要both，自己當時在主庫沒有設定

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(rac,yangdb)' scope=both sid='*';

結果提示：

ORA-16057: server not in Data Guard configuration

PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby 'yangdb'. Error is 16057.

6 啟動備庫到nomount狀態

oracle@rac3:/opt/oracle/11.2.0/yangdb/dbs>sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Sep 8 15:12:36 2011

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/opt/oracle/11.2.0/yangdb/dbs/inityangdb.ora';

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 217157632 bytes

Fixed Size 2211928 bytes

Variable Size 159387560 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 5226496 bytes

SQL>

SQL> exit

記得：一定要退出！！否則rman 會hang在執行一個指令碼的地方！

7 在主庫或者備庫執行如下命令：

rman>rman target sys/yang402@rac auxiliary sys/yang402@yangdb

rman>run {

allocate channel c1 type disk connect 'sys/yang402@rac';

allocate channel c2 type disk connect 'sys/yang402@rac';

allocate auxiliary channel s1 type disk ;

allocate auxiliary channel s2 type disk ;

sql channel c1 "alter system archive log current";

duplicate target database for standby from active database

spfile

set db_name='rac'

set db_unique_name='yangdb'

set cluster_database='FALSE'

set audit_file_dest='/opt/oracle/admin/yangdb/adump'

set DIAGNOSTIC_DEST='/opt/oracle'

set db_create_file_dest='/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb'

set db_recovery_file_dest='/opt/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

set control_files='/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb/control01.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb/control02.ctl','/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb/control03.ctl'

set undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

set service_names='yangdb'

set standby_file_management='AUTO'

set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(rac,yangdb)'

set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/opt/oracle/arch'

set log_archive_dest_2='service=rac ARCH ASYNC valid_for=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) db_unique_name=rac'

set log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

set log_archive_format='yangdb%t_%s_%r.log'

set remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA1/rac/onlinelog','/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb','+DATA2/rac/onlinelog','/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb'

set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA1/rac/datafile','/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb'

set remote_listener=''

set fal_client='yangdb'

set fal_server='rac'

NOFILENAMECHECK;

sql channel c1 "alter system archive log current";

}

這裡需要說明的地方是：

由於duplicate 會從源庫的spfile複製新的備庫的引數檔案，源庫的引數檔案中的引數設定很可能不符合備庫的設定，比如：第一次新建立的spfile檔案內容

oracle@rac3:/home/oracle>cat /tmp/init.ora

rac1.__db_cache_size=553648128

rac2.__db_cache_size=570425344

rac1.__java_pool_size=16777216

rac2.__java_pool_size=16777216

rac1.__large_pool_size=16777216

rac2.__large_pool_size=16777216

rac1.__oracle_base='/opt/rac/grid'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

rac2.__oracle_base='/opt/rac/grid'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

rac1.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640

rac2.__pga_aggregate_target=671088640

rac1.__sga_target=989855744

rac2.__sga_target=989855744

rac1.__shared_io_pool_size=0

rac2.__shared_io_pool_size=0

rac1.__shared_pool_size=385875968

rac2.__shared_pool_size=369098752

rac1.__streams_pool_size=0

rac2.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/opt/rac/oracle/admin/rac/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.cluster_database=TRUE ##不用，要設定為false

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='+DATA1/rac/controlfile/current.260.761070189','+DATA2/rac/controlfile/current.256.761070191'#要修改

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='+DATA1' --對應的值也要修改！

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='rac'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+DATA2'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032

*.diagnostic_dest='/opt/rac/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racXDB)'

rac1.instance_number=1

rac2.instance_number=2

*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(rac,yangdb)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/opt/rac/oracle/arch'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=yangdb ARCH ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=yangdb'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'

*.memory_target=1655701504

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_listener='scan:1521' --這個引數，對於備庫是無用的

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

rac2.thread=2

rac1.thread=1

rac2.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

rac1.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

oracle@rac3:/home/oracle>

所以要在duplicate同時修改一份和備庫相適應的引數。

測試：

主庫中：

SQL> alter tablespace example add datafile '+DATA1/rac/datafile/example02.dbf' size 500m;

Tablespace altered.

備庫的日誌：

Successfully added datafile 7 to media recovery

Datafile #7: '/opt/oracle/oradata/alifpre/YANGDB/datafile/o1_mf_example_76kp3yqn_.dbf'

Media Recovery Log /opt/oracle/arch/yangdb1_66_761070192.log

Thu Sep 08 23:00:40 2011

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 67

需要注意的是：本來的

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='+DATA1/rac/datafile','/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb'

到standby 庫應用歸檔日誌時檔案卻為：

/opt/oracle/oradata/yangdb/YANDDB/datafile/o1_mf_example_76kp3yqn_.dbf

不方便管理。

【RAC】Creating a filesystem physical standby from ASM (RAC ) primary之一

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