下面介紹opatch的auto補丁方法。

3、OPatch auto補丁策略

GI是複雜的，一些GI補丁不僅僅是給GI中介軟體本身補丁，而且設計到其上執行的database和ASM例項等多個元件。在進行這樣環境補丁的時候，一定要先進行GI補丁，之後補充驗證database例項的補丁。

OPatch auto策略是針對多個補丁合集（通常為PSU）進行的。最穩妥的方式首先將Listener、Database Instance和ASM等元件關閉（依據補丁要求）。

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ srvctl stop database -d SYSTEMstb

PRCC-1016 : SYSTEMstb was already stopped

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ srvctl stop asm -f

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ srvctl stop listener

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm 19852360]$ crsctl stat res -t -init

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.DATA.dg

ONLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm

ora.LISTENER.lsnr

OFFLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm

ora.RECO.dg

ONLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm

ora.asm

OFFLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm Instance Shutdown

ora.ons

OFFLINE OFFLINE XXX-standby-asm

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

1 ONLINE ONLINE XXX-standby-asm

ora.diskmon

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE

ora.evmd

1 ONLINE ONLINE XXX-standby-asm

ora.SYSTEMstb.db

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown

解壓安裝包，到制定目錄。

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# unzip p20485808_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

（篇幅原因，有省略……）

inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsrepl_monitor

inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsdriverstate

inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsreplcrs

inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsrepl_initializer

inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsreplcrs.pl

inflating: 20485808/20299019/files/bin/acfsregistrymount

inflating: 20485808/20299019/README.txt

creating: 20485808/20299019/custom/

creating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/

inflating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/prepatchverify.sh

inflating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/pre.txt

inflating: 20485808/20299019/custom/scripts/post.txt

inflating: 20485808/bundle.xml

inflating: PatchSearch.xml

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# ls -l

total 1338920

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 23:33 20485808

--降低許可權

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# chown -R grid:oinstall 20485808

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# chmod -R 755 20485808/

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# ls -l

total 1338920

drwxr-xr-x 5 grid oinstall 4096 Mar 27 23:33 20485808

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]# cd 20485808/

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm 20485808]# ls -l

total 136

drwxrwxr-x 8 root root 4096 Mar 4 18:30 20299013

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 23:26 20299019

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 27 23:19 20420937

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 549 Mar 27 23:32 bundle.xml

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 61184 Mar 6 13:43 PatchSearch.xml

-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 60655 Apr 13 15:17 README.html

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 27 23:33 README.txt

使用OPatch auto功能，實際上就是進行自動化補丁安裝動作。OPatch自動進行使用者切換、補丁驗證和補丁批次動作。

這個過程中，是需要輸入一些使用者互動資訊，如Email Address。Oracle建議使用OCM（Oracle Configuration Manager）生成配置檔案，作為OPatch工作的輸入。

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm gidir]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm grid]$ cd OPatch

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm OPatch]$ cd ocm/bin

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm bin]$ ls -l

total 12

-rwxr-x--- 1 grid oinstall 9063 Nov 27 2009 emocmrsp

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm bin]$ ./emocmrsp -no_banner -output /u01/unconfig.rsp

Provide your email address to be informed of security issues, install and

initiate Oracle Configuration Manager. Easier for you if you use your My

Oracle Support Email address/User Name.

Visit for details.

Email address/User Name:

You have not provided an email address for notification of security issues.

Do you wish to remain uninformed of security issues ([Y]es, [N]o) [N]: Y

The OCM configuration response file (/u01/unconfig.rsp) was successfully created.

Validation of Oracle Inventory

檢查兩個$ORACLE_HOME目錄是否對應。

Oracle Home : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory

from : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10

OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0

Log file location : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-25_14-51-28PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-25_14-51-28PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Machine Information::

Hostname: localhost

ARU platform id: 226

ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0

（篇幅原因，有省略……）

/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/inventory/oneoffs/19852360

Patch Location in Storage area:

/u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/.patch_storage/19852360_Oct_20_2014_08_17_43

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

進行補丁動作。

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm OPatch]# ./opatch auto /upload/gidir/20485808 -ocmrf /u01/unconfig.rsp

Executing /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl ./crs/patch11203.pl -patchdir /upload/gidir -patchn 20485808 -ocmrf /u01/unconfig.rsp -paramfile /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params

This is the main log file: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto2015-05-25_15-22-24.log

This file will show your detected configuration and all the steps that opatchauto attempted to do on your system:

/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatchauto2015-05-25_15-22-24.report.log

2015-05-25 15:22:24: Starting Oracle Restart Patch Setup

Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params

Stopping RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ...

Stopped RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 successfully

patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20299013 apply successful for home /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20420937/custom/server/20420937 apply successful for home /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Stopping CRS...

Stopped CRS successfully

patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20299013 apply successful for home /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20420937 apply successful for home /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

patch /upload/gidir/20485808/20299019 apply successful for home /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

Starting CRS...

CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.

Starting RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ...

Started RAC /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 successfully

opatch auto succeeded.

補丁驗證。

[root@XXX-Standby-Asm OPatch]# ./opatch lsinventory

The user is root. OPatch cannot continue if the user is root.

OPatch failed with error code 255

[grid@XXX-Standby-Asm ~]$ opatch lsinventory

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.10

Oracle Home : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory

from : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc

OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.10

OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0

Log file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-25_15-36-53PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-25_15-36-53PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Machine Information::

Hostname: localhost

ARU platform id: 226

ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64

Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g 11.2.0.4.0

There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (4) :

Patch 20299019 : applied on Mon May 25 15:30:25 CST 2015

Unique Patch ID: 18573450

Patch description: "ACFS Patch set update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299019)"

Created on 27 Mar 2015, 15:26:30 hrs

Bugs fixed:

17510275, 17172303, 16318126, 19690653, 17203009, 17376318, 17503605

20140148, 17611362, 17721778, 17164243, 19053182, 17696547, 17699423

（篇幅原因，有刪減……）

Patch 19852360 : applied on Mon May 25 10:02:48 CST 2015

Unique Patch ID: 18170553

Created on 20 Oct 2014, 08:17:43 hrs PST8PDT

Bugs fixed:

19852360

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

事後使用SQL指令碼進行更新。

[oracle@XXX-Standby-Asm ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin

[oracle@XXX-Standby-Asm admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon May 25 16:14:00 2015

SQL> conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

--------------------

READ WRITE

（事後檢查）

SQL> @catbundle.sql psu apply

1 row created.

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

SQL> SPOOL off

SQL> SET echo off

Check the following log file for errors:

/u02/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/catbundle/catbundle_PSU_SYSTEMSTB_APPLY_2015May25_16_15_53.log

SQL> @utlrp.sql

1 row selected.

Function created.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Function dropped.

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

升級補丁完成！

4、結論

資料庫補丁是我們經常遇到的運維場景，嚴格遵守操作流程、步步為營，小心求證是我們解決問題的根本出發點。

聊聊兩種給Grid Infrastructure打補丁的方法（下）

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