python函式每日一講 - classmethod()

classmethod(function)

中文說明：

classmethod是用來指定一個類的方法為類方法，沒有此引數指定的類的方法為例項方法，使用方法如下：

class C:
    @classmethod
    def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ...

類方法既可以直接類呼叫(C.f())，也可以進行例項呼叫(C().f())。

版本：python2.2中新增，在python2.4中增加新功能。python3中仍可用。

英文說明：

Return a class method for function.

A class method receives the class as implicit first argument, just like an instance method receives the instance. To declare a class method, use this idiom:

class C:
    @classmethod
    def f(cls, arg1, arg2, ...): ...

The @classmethod form is a function decorator – see the description of function definitions in Function definitions for details.

It can be called either on the class (such as C.f()) or on an instance (such as C().f()). The instance is ignored except for its class. If a class method is called for a derived class, the derived class object is passed as the implied first argument.

Class methods are different than C++ or Java static methods. If you want those, see staticmethod() in this section.

For more information on class methods, consult the documentation on the standard type hierarchy in The standard type hierarchy.

New in version 2.2.

Changed in version 2.4: Function decorator syntax added.

程式碼例項：

>>> class C:
...     @classmethod
...     def f(self):
...             print "This is a class method"
...
>>> C.f()
This is a class method
>>> c = C()
>>> c.f()
This is a class method
>>> class D:
...     def f(self):
...             print " This is not a class method "
...
>>> D.f()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: unbound method f() must be called with D instance as first argument (got nothing instead)
>>> d = D()
>>> d.f()
This is not a class method