客戶端使用SCNAIP連線11G RAC資料庫報錯ORA-12545解決

客戶端配置及報錯：

[oracle@bys3 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
bysrac =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.228)(PORT = 1521))  --其中HOST = 192.168.1.228 這裡的IP為RAC的SCANIP。
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = bysrac)
    )
  )
[oracle@bys3 admin]$ tnsping bysrac
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2014 20:25:19
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.228)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = bysrac)))
OK (10 msec)    --tnsping可以正常聯通。

客戶端的使用sqlplus bys/bys@bysrac登陸時報錯：ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

[oracle@bys3 admin]$ sqlplus bys/bys@bysrac
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 1 20:10:31 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
################

解決方法1：修改RAC的local_listener引數，將引數值中HOST=的值改為當前節點的VIP或者scanip

解決方法2：另一解決方法是在客戶端的hosts文字中配置VIP/SCAN IP的解析條目

注意：HOST主機引數為當前節點vip的ip地址時，客戶端通過SCANIP或者VIP都可以連線到RAC資料庫庫--我這裡就是修改為VIP的IP。--其實應該修改為SCANIP，客戶端統一使用SCANIP來連線。
HOST主機引數為scanip地址，則修改完引數後，scanip能夠正常使用，但如果有客戶端配置使用vip的話，連線時則會出現錯誤：ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor。
具體修改步驟：

檢視RAC的SCANIP狀態及監聽狀態

[oracle@bysrac1 ~]$ su - grid
Password:
[grid@bysrac1 ~]$ srvctl config scan
SCAN name: bysrac-cluster-scan, Network: 1/192.168.1.128/255.255.255.128/eth0
SCAN VIP name: scan1, IP: /bysrac-cluster/192.168.1.228
[grid@bysrac1 ~]$ srvctl status scan
SCAN VIP scan1 is enabled
SCAN VIP scan1 is running on node bysrac1
[grid@bysrac1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2014 20:10:13
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                28-DEC-2013 20:06:56
Uptime                    4 days 0 hr. 3 min. 17 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /g01/app/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /g01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/bysrac1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.226)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.1.221)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "bysrac" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bysrac1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "caiwu" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bysrac1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "jiaoyi" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "bysrac1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[grid@bysrac1 ~]$ exit
[oracle@bysrac1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain localhost
::1             localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.1.221   bysrac1  bysrac1.bys.com
192.168.1.226   bysrac1-vip
192.168.1.222   bysrac2  bysrac2.bys.com
192.168.1.227   bysrac2-vip
192.168.10.1    bysrac1-priv
192.168.10.2    bysrac2-priv
192.168.1.228   bysrac-cluster bysrac-cluster-scan

實驗1：修改RAC的local_listener引數，將引數值中HOST=的值改為當前節點的VIP值--RAC多節點都需要改

[oracle@bysrac1 ~]$ sqlplus bys/bys
BYS@ bysrac>select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
bysrac1
BYS@ bysrac1>show parameter local_l              -------檢視local_listener 引數的值
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
                                                 DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=bysr
                                                 ac1-vip)(PORT=1521))))
BYS@ bysrac1>alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.226)(PORT=1521))))' sid='bysrac1';
System altered.     --這裡HOST=192.168.1.226，修改為該節點VIP的IP值。我這裡只修改了一個節點的，如果多個節點，照此方法在其它節點修改。
BYS@ bysrac1>show parameter local_l
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
                                                 DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.
                                                 168.1.226)(PORT=1521))))        
BYS@ bysrac1>exit      ---退出前可以手工註冊下監聽alter system register;   我這裡沒做也是可以的。                                             

客戶端tnsnames.ora 中使用SCANIP或者VIP任一都可以登陸到RAC資料庫

1.使用配置 SCNAIP的方法可以登陸：

[oracle@bys3 admin]$ tnsping bysrac
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2014 20:25:19
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.228)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = bysrac)))
OK (10 msec)   --tnsping可以正常聯通，HOST = 192.168.1.228這裡tnsnames.ora裡已經修改為RAC的一個節點的SCANIP了。。節約篇幅，沒貼tnsnames.ora
[oracle@bys3 admin]$ sqlplus bys/bys@bysrac
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 1 20:34:53 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
BYS@ bysrac>select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
bysrac1
BYS@ bysrac>exit          

2.客戶端使用VIP也可以連線到RAC資料庫

[oracle@bys3 admin]$ tnsping bysrac
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2014 20:52:54
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.226)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = bysrac)))
OK (10 msec)   -----tnsping可以正常聯通，HOST = 192.168.1.226這裡tnsnames.ora裡已經修改為RAC的一個節點的VIP了。。節約篇幅，沒貼tnsnames.ora
[oracle@bys3 admin]$ sqlplus bys/bys@bysrac
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 1 20:52:57 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
BYS@ bysrac>select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
bysrac1          OPEN
BYS@ bysrac>exit

################

實驗2：修改RAC的local_listener引數，將引數值中HOST=的值改為scanip

[oracle@bysrac1 ~]$ sqlplus bys/bys
BYS@ bysrac1>show parameter local_listener
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
                                                 DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.
                                                 168.1.226)(PORT=1521))))
BYS@ bysrac1>alter system set local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.228)(PORT=1521))))';
System altered.
BYS@ bysrac1>show parameter local_listener
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener                       string      (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(AD
                                                 DRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.

客戶端使用VIP時報錯ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

[oracle@bys3 admin]$ tnsping bysrac
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2014 21:12:40
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.226)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = bysrac)))
OK (10 msec)   -----tnsping可以正常聯通，HOST = 192.168.1.226，這裡tnsnames.ora裡已經修改為RAC的一個節點的VIP了。。節約篇幅，沒貼tnsnames.ora
[oracle@bys3 admin]$ sqlplus bys/bys@bysrac
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Jan 1 21:12:44 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor

客戶端使用SCANIP可以正常連線                                                                             

[oracle@bys3 admin]$ tnsping bysrac
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 01-JAN-2014 21:13:01
Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.228)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = bysrac)))
OK (10 msec)   --tnsping可以正常聯通，HOST = 192.168.1.228這裡tnsnames.ora裡已經修改為RAC的一個節點的SCANIP了。。節約篇幅，沒貼tnsnames.ora
[oracle@bys3 admin]$ sqlplus bys/bys@bysrac
BYS@ bysrac>select instance_name,status from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME    STATUS
---------------- ------------
bysrac1          OPEN
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
BYS@ bysrac>