LINUX下安裝ORACLE時SWAP不足的兩種解決方法

還不算暈發表於2013-11-15
LinuxOracle

當前磁碟分割槽及SWAP分割槽情況如下：

[root@bys3 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2078    16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2079        2600     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2013       1850        163          0        131       1274
-/+ buffers/cache:        444       1568
Swap:         4094          0       4094
增加SWAP交換分割槽有兩種方法：關於tmpfs的使用詳見：http://blog.csdn.net/haibusuanyun/article/details/17199617點選開啟連結
1. 使用dd命令新建一個檔案並掛載為SWAP

2. 增加一個新交換分割槽

增加的步驟都是：

1.free ---檢視記憶體狀態命令，可以顯示memory，swap，buffer cache等的大小及使用狀況；
2.dd ---讀取，轉換並輸出資料命令；fdisk切分新分割槽
3.mkswap ---設定交換區
4.swapon ---啟用交換區，相當於mount；swapoff ---關閉交換區，相當於umount

5.設定開機自動掛載/etc/fstab

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1.使用DD命令建立一個檔案

[root@bys3 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/swap bs=1024 count=1024000   ---這裡bs=是bytes,count是 blocks 個塊，這裡的就是1024bytes=1K，1024000K=1000M
1024000+0 records in
1024000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 43.5605 seconds, 24.1 MB/s
[root@bys3 ~]# mkswap /root/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1048571 kB
[root@bys3 ~]# swapon /root/swap
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2013       1864        149          0         37       1389
-/+ buffers/cache:        436       1577
Swap:         5094          0       5094    --與最開始的相比，增加了近1000M。
設定開機自動掛載-
[root@bys3 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/root/swap              swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
[root@bys3 ~]# mount -a    --無報錯，修改/etc/fstab成功
重啟後檢視：--SWAP空間包含了新增加的空間。
[oracle@bys3 ~]$ free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2013        214       1799          0         15        150
-/+ buffers/cache:         48       1964
Swap:         5094          0       5094
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2.用FDISK將未使用的分割槽格式化並掛載為SWAP分割槽

[root@bys3 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2078    16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2079        2600     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris
[root@bys3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2078    16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2079        2600     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e
Selected partition 4
First cylinder (2601-2610, default 2601):
Using default value 2601
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2601-2610, default 2610): +50m   ---新增加個50M的擴充套件分割槽。
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2078    16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2079        2600     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            2601        2607       56227+   5  Extended
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (2601-2607, default 2601):
Using default value 2601
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (2601-2607, default 2607):
Using default value 2607

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
/dev/sda2              14        2078    16587112+  83  Linux
/dev/sda3            2079        2600     4192965   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4            2601        2607       56227+   5  Extended
/dev/sda5            2601        2607       56196   83  Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2013        218       1795          0         15        153
-/+ buffers/cache:         49       1964
Swap:         5094          0       5094
[root@bys3 ~]# swapoff /root/swap   關閉一個SWAP空間
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2013        218       1795          0         15        153
-/+ buffers/cache:         49       1964
Swap:         4094          0       4094
[root@bys3 ~]# mkswap /dev/sda5
/dev/sda5: No such file or directory
[root@bys3 ~]#  partprobe    ---同步下分割槽表的意思
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system).  /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
Segmentation fault
[root@bys3 ~]# mkswap /dev/sda5
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 57540 kB
[root@bys3 ~]# swapon /dev/sda5
[root@bys3 ~]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          2013        218       1795          0         15        153
-/+ buffers/cache:         49       1964
Swap:         4149          0       4149

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開機時自動掛載的配置

[root@bys3 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
LABEL=/                 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
LABEL=SWAP-sda3         swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sda5               swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
"/etc/fstab" 8L, 568C written
[root@bys3 ~]# mount -a
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