在Linux中安裝軟體
rpm
軟體安裝查詢
安裝的格式：
rpm -ivh 軟體名
| 字元 | 含義 |
|---|---|
| i | install安裝 |
| v | 顯示過程 |
| h | 顯示進度條 |
查詢已安裝的格式
rpm -q +名稱 查詢是否已安裝
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q tree
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q sdd
未安裝軟體包 sdd
rpm -qa 查詢所以已安裝的軟體
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa
python-cups-1.9.63-6.el7.x86_64
cronie-1.4.11-17.el7.x86_64
libconfig-1.4.9-5.el7.x86_64
clutter-gst3-3.0.22-1.el7.x86_64
gnome-icon-theme-extras-3.12.0-1.el7.noarch
python-configobj-4.7.2-7.el7.noarch
dhclient-4.2.5-58.el7.centos.x86_64
ethtool-4.8-1.el7.x86_64
libpeas-gtk-1.20.0-1.el7.x86_64
wodim-1.1.11-23.el7.x86_64
python-urwid-1.1.1-3.el7.x86_64
hyphen-2.8.6-5.el7.x86_64
fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch
python-gobject-3.22.0-1.el7.x86_64
python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.4.0.2-4.el7.noarch
libsss_autofs-1.15.2-50.el7.x86_64
filesystem-3.2-21.el7.x86_64
python-requests-2.6.0-1.el7_1.noarch
m17n-lib-1.6.4-14.el7.x86_64
xkeyboard-config-2.20-1.el7.noarch
tagsoup-1.2.1-8.el7.noarch
.............
rpm -qc 軟體名 查詢軟體的配置檔案
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc rpm
/var/lib/rpm/Basenames
/var/lib/rpm/Conflictname
/var/lib/rpm/Dirnames
/var/lib/rpm/Group
/var/lib/rpm/Installtid
/var/lib/rpm/Name
/var/lib/rpm/Obsoletename
/var/lib/rpm/Packages
/var/lib/rpm/Providename
/var/lib/rpm/Requirename
/var/lib/rpm/Sha1header
/var/lib/rpm/Sigmd5
/var/lib/rpm/Triggername
/var/lib/rpm/__db.001
/var/lib/rpm/__db.002
/var/lib/rpm/__db.003
/var/lib/rpm/__db.004
/var/lib/rpm/__db.005
/var/lib/rpm/__db.006
/var/lib/rpm/__db.007
/var/lib/rpm/__db.008
/var/lib/rpm/__db.009
rpm -ql 軟體的所在列表
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql tree
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0/README
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
rpm -qi 軟體的基本資訊
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi tree
Name : tree
Version : 1.6.0
Release : 10.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2024年04月03日 星期三 13時48分21秒
Group : Applications/File
Size : 89505
License : GPLv2+
Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2014年07月04日 星期五 13時36分46秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.src.rpm
Build Date : 2014年06月10日 星期二 03時28分53秒
Build Host : worker1.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/
Summary : File system tree viewer
Description :
The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories in a
tree-like format. Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree
utility.
yum
yum是依靠網路實現軟體的安裝；是一個基於RPM包構建的軟體更新機制，能夠自動解決軟體包之間的依賴關係。解決了日常工作中的大量查詢安裝依賴包的時間
通式：
yum install tree -y #安裝tree軟體
[root@localhost ~]# yum install tree -y
已載入外掛：fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 253 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 26 MB 00:00:03
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟體包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成
依賴關係解決
========================================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
========================================================================================================
正在安裝:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 base 46 k
事務概要
========================================================================================================
安裝 1 軟體包
總下載量：46 k
安裝大小：87 k
Downloading packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:05
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安裝 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
驗證中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安裝:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完畢！
單機yum倉庫：
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/sr0 mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 防寫，將以只讀方式掛載
mount: /dev/sr0 已經掛載或 /mnt 忙
/dev/sr0 已經掛載到 /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 上
/dev/sr0 已經掛載到 /mnt 上
[root@localhost /]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已載入外掛：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理軟體源： local
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已載入外掛：fastestmirror, langpacks
local | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): local/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): local/filelists_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): local/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): local/other_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
後設資料快取已建立
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install tree -y
已載入外掛：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟體包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成
依賴關係解決
========================================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
========================================================================================================
正在安裝:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 local 46 k
事務概要
========================================================================================================
安裝 1 軟體包
總下載量：46 k
安裝大小：87 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安裝 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
驗證中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安裝:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完畢！
編譯安裝
nginx 執行一個 網站你安裝了 nginx 軟體 等於搭建了一個 網站
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz #下載原始碼包
[root@localhost data]#tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.g2
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]#cd nginx-1.18.0/
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]#yum -y install make gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel #安裝依賴環境
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]#./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx #檢測環境， 指定安裝目錄
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]#make -j2 #編譯 -j2 2個核心編譯
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]#make instal #將軟體複製到 前面規定的路徑
[root@localhost ~]#In -s /apps/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin #建立軟連結
[root@localhost ~]#nginx #可以補全
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]#setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]#cur ip地址(本機的)
[root@localhost ~]# curl 172.16.208.10
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
瀏覽器中 輸入 ip地址
