字元型資料
字元型資料可以使用定長或變長的字串來實現,其不同點在於固定長度的字串使用空格向右填充,以保證佔用同樣的位元組數;變長字串不需要向右填充,並且所有位元組數可變。
char 定長型,位元組長度固定,最大長度為255位元組,可以使用char(20)這種方式限定長度,查詢速度快,但不靈活
varchar 變長型,位元組長度隨資料量變化,最多可儲存65535位元組,varchar(20)可以限定長度,查詢速度不及char,但使用靈活
如果需要儲存文字或者文件,需要使用text型別資料,包括四種
tinytext 255位元組
text 65535位元組
mediumtext 16777215位元組
longtext 4294967295位元組
以上三種在進行分組排序或者比較的時候只採用前1024位元組進行比較
字符集
對於拉丁語系,比如英語,其中每個字母只需要1個位元組來儲存;而其他一些語言,比如中文,包含了大量字元,每個字元的儲存需要多個位元組,因此這類字符集被稱為多字符集
在mysql中,可以使用SHOW CAHRACTER SET語句檢視字符集
mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET; +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 39 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其中Maxlen列大於1則代表此行為多字符集,比如gb2312,儲存一個漢字最多需要2個位元組,utf8最多則需要3個
數值型資料
整數型資料
浮點型資料
數值型資料可以定義為unsigned,對整數而已可以改變其範圍,對浮點數而言可以限定其不能為負數