Debin based Linux system(Ubuntu)包管理工具

apt-* 檢視，安裝，刪除，更新包。

1. apt-cache search: Search Repository Using Package Name

     apt-cache search ^包名$

在Repo中查詢包名，以查詢Apache 2為例

$ apt-cache search ^apache2$
apache2 - Apache HTTP Server metapackage

2. apt-cache search: Search Repository Using Package Description
    apt-cache search + 包描述, 有時不知道包的準備名字，可以通過包的描述資訊查詢。

$ apt-cache search "Apache HTTP Server"
apache2 - Apache HTTP Server metapackage
apache2-doc - Apache HTTP Server documentation
apache2-mpm-event - Apache HTTP Server - event driven model
apache2-mpm-prefork - Apache HTTP Server - traditional non-threaded model
apache2-mpm-worker - Apache HTTP Server - high speed threaded model
apache2.2-common - Apache HTTP Server common files

3. apt-file search: Search Repository Using a Filename from the Package

     apt-file search + 包中的任意檔名， 有時只知道包裡的配置檔案或可能執行檔案，也可以通過這些資訊查詢包。

$ apt-file search apache2.conf
apache2.2-common: /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
apache2.2-common: /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/examples/apache2/apache2.conf.gz

4. apt-cache show: Basic Information About a Package

    apt-cache show + 包， 顯示包的基本資訊。

$ apt-cache show apache2
Package: apache2
Priority: optional
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers
Original-Maintainer: Debian Apache Maintainers
Version: 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3
Depends: apache2-mpm-worker (>= 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3)
 | apache2-mpm-prefork (>= 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3)
 | apache2-mpm-event (>= 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3)
Filename: pool/main/a/apache2/apache2_2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3_all.deb
Size: 46350
Description: Apache HTTP Server metapackage
 The Apache Software Foundation's goal is to build a secure, efficient and
 extensible HTTP server as standards-compliant open source software.
Homepage: http://httpd.apache.org/

5. apt-cache showpkg: Detailed Information About a Package

  apt-cache showdpkg + 包，顯示包更加祥細的資訊。

$ apt-cache showpkg apache2
Package: apache2
Versions:
2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 (/var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_jaunty-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages) (/var/lib/apt/lists/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_jaunty-security_main_binary-i386_Packages)
 Description Language:
                 File: /var/lib/apt/lists/us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_jaunty-updates_main_binary-i386_Packages
                  MD5: d24f049cd70ccfc178dd8974e4b1ed01
Reverse Depends:
  squirrelmail,apache2
  squid3-cgi,apache2
  phpmyadmin,apache2
  mahara-apache2,apache2
  ipplan,apache2
Dependencies:
  2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 - apache2-mpm-worker (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) apache2-mpm-prefork (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3) apache2-mpm-event (2 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3)
  2.2.11-2ubuntu2 - apache2-mpm-worker (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2) apache2-mpm-prefork (18 2.2.11-2ubuntu2) apache2-mpm-event (2 2.2.11-2ubuntu2)
Provides:
  2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3 -
  2.2.11-2ubuntu2 -
Reverse Provides:
  apache2-mpm-itk 2.2.6-02-1build4.3
  apache2-mpm-worker 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3
  apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.11-2ubuntu2.3
  apache2-mpm-prefork 2.2.11-2ubuntu2
  apache2-mpm-event 2.2.11-2ubuntu2

6. apt-file list: List all the Files Located Inside a Package
   apt-file list + 包， 顯示包內所有檔案。

$ apt-file list apache2 | more
apache2: /usr/share/bug/apache2/control
apache2: /usr/share/bug/apache2/script
apache2: /usr/share/doc/apache2/NEWS.Debian.gz
apache2: /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz
apache2: /usr/share/doc/apache2/changelog.Debian.gz
...

7.apt-cache depends: List all Dependent Packages

  apt-cache depends + 包， 顯示包的所有依賴。在安裝包前需要檢查安裝包所有的依賴

$ apt-cache depends apache2
apache2
 |Depends: apache2-mpm-worker
 |Depends: apache2-mpm-prefork
  Depends: apache2-mpm-event

8. dpkg -l: Is the Package Already Installed?

   dpkg -l ,  顯示系統中所有的安裝包

9. apt-get install: Install a Package

     apt-get install +  包，安裝包。

10. apt-get remove: Delete a Package

    apt-get remove/purge , 刪除包

     apt-get remove will not delete the configuration files of the package

     apt-get purge will delete the configuration files of the package

11. apt-get -u install: Upgrade a Specific Package

     apt-get -u install + 包，更新安裝包。

12. apt-get -u upgrade: Upgrade all Packages

    更新所有安裝包。