u-boot-2014.10移植第25天----nand flash啟動(三)

fulinux發表於2015-02-27
bootNaN

硬體平臺：tq2440

開發環境：Ubuntu-3.11

u-boot版本：2014.10

本文允許轉載，請註明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/fulinus


在實現u-boot從nand flash啟動之前，我們將前面asm_led程式放在nand flash第一個塊的前4Kbit之中，因為asm_led沒有系統初始化功能，所以還需要將bootstrap程式，放在nand flash的0地址處。bootstrap初始化完2440後，跳轉到asm_led程式去執行。這對於掌握從nand flash啟動有著很重要的意義。

建立一個目錄：

$ mkdir nand-boot
nand-boot目錄下有如下檔案：

$ ls
makefile  nand-boot.h  nand-boot.S
三個檔案的內容如下：

nand-boot.h:

#define S3C_WATCHDOG_BASE       0x53000000

#define S3C_INTERRUPT_BASE      0x4a000000
#define SRCPND_OFFSET           0x00
#define INTMOD_OFFSET           0x04
#define INTMSK_OFFSET           0x08
#define PRIORITY_OFFSET         0x0c
#define INTPND_OFFSET           0x10
#define INTOFFSET_OFFSET        0x14
#define SUBSRCPND_OFFSET        0x18
#define INTSUBMSK_OFFSET        0x1c

#define S3C_CLOCK_POWER_BASE    0x4c000000
#define LOCKTIME_OFFSET         0x00
#define MPLLCON_OFFSET          0x04
#define UPLLCON_OFFSET          0x08
#define CLKCON_OFFSET           0x0c
#define CLKSLOW_OFFSET          0x10
#define CLKDIVN_OFFSET          0x14
#define CAMDIVN_OFFSET          0x18

#define BWSCON                          0x48000000

#define MDIV_405                0x7f << 12
#define PSDIV_405               0x21


#define GPBCON   0x56000010
#define GPBDAT   0x56000014
#define GPBUP    0x56000018

#define OUTPUT   0x01   /* Set GPIO port as output mode*/
#define INPUT    0x00   /* Set GPIO port as input mode*/

#define LED0     5      /*On TQ2440 board, LED0 use GPB5*/
#define LED1     6      /*On TQ2440 board, LED1 use GPB6*/
#define LED2     7      /*On TQ2440 board, LED2 use GPB7*/
#define LED3     8      /*On TQ2440 board, LED3 use GPB8*/

#define DELAY    0X1000000

#define BEEP     0      /* On FL2440 board, LED0 use GPB0*/

/*  BWSCON */
#define DW8             (0x0)
#define DW16            (0x1)
#define DW32            (0x2)
#define WAIT            (0x1<<2)
#define UBLB            (0x1<<3)

#define B1_BWSCON       (DW16)
#define B2_BWSCON       (DW16)
#define B3_BWSCON       (DW16 + WAIT + UBLB)
#define B4_BWSCON       (DW16)
#define B5_BWSCON       (DW16)
#define B6_BWSCON       (DW32)
#define B7_BWSCON       (DW32)

#define B0_Tacs         0x0
#define B0_Tcos         0x0
#define B0_Tacc         0x7
#define B0_Tcoh         0x0
#define B0_Tah          0x0
#define B0_Tacp         0x0
#define B0_PMC          0x0

#define B1_Tacs         0x0
#define B1_Tcos         0x0
#define B1_Tacc         0x7
#define B1_Tcoh         0x0
#define B1_Tah          0x0
#define B1_Tacp         0x0
#define B1_PMC          0x0 

#define B2_Tacs         0x0
#define B2_Tcos         0x0
#define B2_Tacc         0x7
#define B2_Tcoh         0x0
#define B2_Tah          0x0
#define B2_Tacp         0x0
#define B2_PMC          0x0

#define B3_Tacs         0xc
#define B3_Tcos         0x7
#define B3_Tacc         0xf
#define B3_Tcoh         0x1
#define B3_Tah          0x0
#define B3_Tacp         0x0
#define B3_PMC          0x0

#define B4_Tacs         0x0
#define B4_Tcos         0x0
#define B4_Tacc 0x7 #define B4_Tcoh 0x0 #define B4_Tah 0x0 #define B4_Tacp 0x0 #define B4_PMC 0x0 #define B5_Tacs 0xc #define B5_Tcos 0x7 #define B5_Tacc 0xf #define B5_Tcoh 0x1 #define B5_Tah 0x0 #define B5_Tacp 0x0 #define B5_PMC 0x0 #define B6_MT 0x3 /* SDRAM */ #define B6_Trcd 0x1 #define B6_SCAN 0x1 /* 9bit */ #define B7_MT 0x3 /* SDRAM */ #define B7_Trcd 0x1 /* 3clk */ #define B7_SCAN 0x1 /* 9bit */ /* REFRESH parameter */ #define REFEN 0x1 /* Refresh enable */ #define TREFMD 0x0 /* CBR(CAS before RAS)/Auto refresh */ #define Trc 0x3 /* 7clk */ #define Tchr 0x2 /* 3clk */ #if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440) #define Trp 0x2 /* 4clk */ #define REFCNT 1012 #else #define Trp 0x0 /* 2clk */ #define REFCNT 0x0459 #endif


nand-boot.S:

#include "nand-boot.h"

    .text
    .align 2
    .global _start

_start:
    /* set the cpu to SVC32 mode */
    mrs r0, cpsr
    bic r0, r0, #0x1f
    orr r0, r0, #0xd3
    msr cpsr, r0

    /* Disable watchdog */
    ldr r0, =S3C_WATCHDOG_BASE
    mov r1, #0
    str r1, [r0]

    /* Disable Interrupt */
    ldr r0, =S3C_INTERRUPT_BASE
    mov r1, #0xffffffff
    str r1, [r0, #INTMSK_OFFSET]
    ldr r1, =0x000007ff
    str r1, [r0, #INTSUBMSK_OFFSET]

    /* http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0290g/Babjcgjg.html */
    mov r0, #0
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0   /* flush v3/v4 cache, Invalidate ICache and DCache */
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0   /* flush v4 TLB */

    /* disable MMU stuff and caches */
    mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
    bic r0, r0, #0x00002300     @ clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS)
    bic r0, r0, #0x00000087     @ clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM) 
    orr r0, r0, #0x00000002     @ set bit 2 (A) Align
    orr r0, r0, #0x00001000     @ set bit 12 (I) I-Cache
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0


 /*******************************************************************************************
  * Init system clock and power, FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:4:8 
  * Reference to S3C2440 datasheet: Chap 7 Clock&Power Management
  *
  * Initialize System Clock FCLK=400MHz HCLK=100MHz PCLK=50MHz
  * FCLK is used by ARM920T
  * HCLK is used for AHB bus, which is used by the ARM920T, the memory controller,
  *      the interrupt controller, the LCD controller, the DMA and USB host block.
  * PCLK is is used for APB bus,which is used by the peripherals such as WDT,IIS,I2C,
  *      PWM timer,MMC interface,ADC,UART,GPIO,RTC and SPI.
  ******************************************************************************************/

    /*Set LOCKTIME as default value 0x00ffffff*/
    ldr r0, =S3C_CLOCK_POWER_BASE
    ldr r1, =0x00ffffff
    str r1, [r0, #LOCKTIME_OFFSET] 

 /*******************************************************************************************
  * Reference to S3C2440 datasheet: Chap 7-8 ~ Page 242
  *
  * Set the selection of Dividing Ratio between FCLK,HCLK and PCLK as FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:4:8.
  * This ratio is determined by HDIVN(here is 2) and PDIVN(here is 1) control register.
  * Refer to the s3c2440 datasheet
  *******************************************************************************************/
    ldr r0, =S3C_CLOCK_POWER_BASE
    mov r1, #5
    str r1, [r0, #CLKDIVN_OFFSET]  /*Set Clock Divider*/

    mrc p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 
    orr r1, r1, #0xc0000000
    mcr p15, 0, r1, c1, c0, 0 

 /***************************************************************************************
  *  Reference to S3C2440 datasheet: Chap 7-20 ~ Page 254
  *
  *  Set MPLLCON(0x4C000004) register as:
  *    [19:12]:  MDIV(Main Divider control)=0x7F (value set in MDIV_405)
  *      [9:4]:  PDIV(Pre-devider control)=0x02  (value set in PSDIV_405)
  *      [1:0]:  SDIV(Post divider control)=0x01 (value set in PSDIV_405)
  *
  *  MPLL(FCLK) = (2 * m * Fin)/(p * 2^s)
  *  m=(MDIV+8), p=(PDIV+2), s=SDIV
  *
  *  So FCLK=((2*(127+8)*Fin)) / ((2+2)*2^1)
  *         = (2*135*12MHz)/8
  *         = 405MHz
  *  For FCLK:HCLK:PCLK=1:4:8, so HCLK=100MHz, PCLK=50MHz
  ***************************************************************************************/
    mov r1, #S3C_CLOCK_POWER_BASE
    mov r2, #MDIV_405
    add r2, r2, #PSDIV_405
    str r2, [r1, #MPLLCON_OFFSET]

mem_init:
    /* memory control configuration */
    /* make r0 relative the current location so that it */
    /* reads SMRDATA out of FLASH rather than memory ! */
    ldr r0, =SMRDATA
    ldr r1, =mem_init
    sub r0, r0, r1
    adr r3, mem_init       /* r3 <- current position of code   */
    add r0, r0, r3  /*r0 =SMRDATA-mem_init+mem_init =SMRDATA*/
    ldr r1, =BWSCON /* Bus Width Status Controller */
    add r2, r0, #13*4
0:
    ldr r3, [r0], #4
    str r3, [r1], #4
    cmp r2, r0
    bne 0b

    /*Set GPIO5 OUTPUT mode*/ 
    ldr     r0, =GPBCON
    ldr     r1, [r0]
    bic     r1, r1, #0xC00       /*Set GPBCON for GPIO5 as 0x00 */
    orr     r1, r1, #0x0400      /*Set GPBCON for GPIO5 as GPIOOUT, 0x01*/
    str     r1, [r0]

    ldr     r3, [r2]
    bic     r3, r3, #(1<<LED0)  /*Clear bit 5, set GPB5 as low level*/
    str     r3, [r2]

    /*Set GPB5,GPB6,GPB7,GPB8 as GPIO OUTPUT mode*/
    ldr     r0, =GPBCON
    ldr     r1, [r0]
    bic     r1, r1, #0x3Fc00      /*Set GPBCON for GPB5,GPB6,GPB7,GPB8 as 0x00 */
    orr     r1, r1, #0x15400      /*Set GPBCON for GPB5,GPB6,GPB7,GPB8 as GPIOOUT, 0x01*/
    str     r1, [r0]

    /*Set internal pullup resister*/
    ldr     r0, =GPBUP
    ldr     r1, [r0]
    orr     r1, r1, #0x01E0     /*Set bit 5,6,7,8, disable pullup resister*/
    @bic     r1, r1, #0x01E0      /*Clear bit 5,6,7,8, enable pullup resister*/
    str     r1, [r0] 


loopled:
    /*Turn off LED0, LED1, LED2, LED3*/
    ldr     r2, =GPBDAT
    ldr     r3, [r2]
    orr     r3, r3, #0x01E0     /*Set bit 5,6,7,8 as high level*/
    str     r3, [r2]  
    ldr     r0, =DELAY          /*Sleep for a while*/
    bl      delay

    /*Turn on LED0*/
    ldr     r3, [r2]
    bic     r3, r3, #(1<<LED0)  /*Clear bit 5, set GPB5 as low level*/
    str     r3, [r2]  
    ldr     r0, =DELAY          /*Sleep for a while*/
    bl      delay

    /*Turn on LED1*/
    ldr     r3, [r2]
    bic     r3, r3, #(1<<LED1)  /*Clear bit 6, set GPB6 as low level*/
    str     r3, [r2]  
    ldr     r0, =DELAY          /*Sleep for a while*/
    bl      delay

    /*Turn on LED2*/
    ldr     r3, [r2]
    bic     r3, r3, #(1<<LED2)  /*Clear bit 7, set GPB7 as low level*/
    str     r3, [r2]  
    ldr     r0, =DELAY          /*Sleep for a while*/
    bl      delay

    /*Turn on LED3*/
    ldr     r3, [r2]
    bic     r3, r3, #(1<<LED3)  /*Clear bit 8, set GPB8 as low level*/
    str     r3, [r2]  
    ldr     r0, =DELAY          /*Sleep for a while*/
    bl      delay


    b       loopled             /*Loop running LED*/
    /* everything is fine now */
dead_loop:
    b   dead_loop

    .ltorg
/* the literal pools origin */

SMRDATA:
    .word (0+(B1_BWSCON<<4)+(B2_BWSCON<<8)+(B3_BWSCON<<12)+(B4_BWSCON<<16)+(B5_BWSCON<<20)+(B6_BWSCON<<24)+(B7_BWSCON<<28))
    .word ((B0_Tacs<<13)+(B0_Tcos<<11)+(B0_Tacc<<8)+(B0_Tcoh<<6)+(B0_Tah<<4)+(B0_Tacp<<2)+(B0_PMC))
    .word ((B1_Tacs<<13)+(B1_Tcos<<11)+(B1_Tacc<<8)+(B1_Tcoh<<6)+(B1_Tah<<4)+(B1_Tacp<<2)+(B1_PMC))
    .word ((B2_Tacs<<13)+(B2_Tcos<<11)+(B2_Tacc<<8)+(B2_Tcoh<<6)+(B2_Tah<<4)+(B2_Tacp<<2)+(B2_PMC))
    .word ((B3_Tacs<<13)+(B3_Tcos<<11)+(B3_Tacc<<8)+(B3_Tcoh<<6)+(B3_Tah<<4)+(B3_Tacp<<2)+(B3_PMC))
    .word ((B4_Tacs<<13)+(B4_Tcos<<11)+(B4_Tacc<<8)+(B4_Tcoh<<6)+(B4_Tah<<4)+(B4_Tacp<<2)+(B4_PMC))
    .word ((B5_Tacs<<13)+(B5_Tcos<<11)+(B5_Tacc<<8)+(B5_Tcoh<<6)+(B5_Tah<<4)+(B5_Tacp<<2)+(B5_PMC))
    .word ((B6_MT<<15)+(B6_Trcd<<2)+(B6_SCAN))
    .word ((B7_MT<<15)+(B7_Trcd<<2)+(B7_SCAN))
    .word ((REFEN<<23)+(TREFMD<<22)+(Trp<<20)+(Trc<<18)+(Tchr<<16)+REFCNT)
    .word 0xb2
    .word 0x30
    .word 0x30

delay:
    sub     r0, r0, #1
    cmp     r0, #0x0
    bne     delay
    mov     pc, lr

makefile:

# ***********************************************************************
# *        File:  makefile
# *     Version:  1.0.0
# *   Copyright:  2011 (c) Guo Wenxue <guowenxue@gmail.com>
# * Description:  Makefile used to cross compile the ASM and C source code
# *   ChangeLog:  1, Release initial version on "Mon Mar 21 21:09:52 CST 2011"
# *
# ***********************************************************************

BINAME = nand-boot
TEXTBASE = 0x33000000
INST_PATH=${PWD}/../../../bin

CROSS = arm-linux-
CC      = $(CROSS)gcc
LD      = $(CROSS)ld
AR      = $(CROSS)ar
OBJCOPY = $(CROSS)objcopy
OBJDUMP = $(CROSS)objdump
STRIP   = $(CROSS)strip
READELF = $(CROSS)readelf

CFLAGS  = -g -O2 -Wall -nostdinc -nostdlib -fno-builtin
AFLAGS  = $(CFLAGS) -D__ASSEMBLY__

LDFLAGS = -Ttext $(TEXTBASE)

SRC_C   = $(wildcard *.c)
SRC_S   = $(wildcard *.S)
OBJ_C   = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SRC_C)) 
OBJ_S   = $(patsubst %.S,%.o,$(SRC_S)) 

OBJ_ALL = $(OBJ_C) $(OBJ_S) 

.PHONY : all 
all: ${OBJ_ALL}
        ${LD} $(LDFLAGS) -o ${BINAME}.elf ${OBJ_ALL}
        ${OBJCOPY} -O binary -S ${BINAME}.elf ${BINAME}.bin
        rm -f *.elf *.o
        make install

%.o: %.S
                $(CC) $(AFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
%.o: %.c
                $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<

install:
        cp -f ${BINAME}.bin ${INST_PATH} 

uninstall:
        rm -f ${INST_PATH}/${BINAME}.bin  

clean:
        rm -f *.elf *.o
        rm -f ${BINAME}.bin

首先測試上述程式是否可以執行，將開發板的置為從nand flash啟動方式，因為這時候s3c2440的0地址對映在了s3c2440內部的4KDRAM中了，將上述程式編譯後，通過J-link commander燒錄到0地址處，並執行，燒錄指令如下：

$h
$speed 12000
$loadbin D:\kupan\temp\nand-boot.bin 0
$setpc 0
$g
執行結果led呈現跑馬燈的效果，說明程式正常。
下步我們通過前面已經可以執行的u-boot，將nand-boot.bin程式首先通過tftp燒錄到記憶體中，在通過u-boot寫nand flash的功能將其寫入nand flash中去，如下操作：
1、首先將開發板置於Nor flash啟動；
2、j-link燒錄bootstrap.bin和u-boot.bin檔案到SDRAM中去；
3、測試是否能連線伺服器：
[TQ2440 #] ping 192.168.169.8
顯示正常
4、通過tftp將nand-boot.bin下載到SDRAM中：
[TQ2440 #] tftp 30008000 nand-boot.bin
5、將其燒錄到nand flash中去：
[TQ2440 #] nand dump 0
Page 00000000 dump:
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
OOB:
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
[TQ2440 #] nand write 30008000 0 512
[TQ2440 #] nand dump 0              
Page 00000000 dump:
        00 00 0f e1 1f 00 c0 e3  d3 00 80 e3 00 f0 29 e1
        53 04 a0 e3 00 10 a0 e3  00 10 80 e5 4a 04 a0 e3
        00 10 e0 e3 08 10 80 e5  38 11 9f e5 1c 10 80 e5
        00 00 a0 e3 17 0f 07 ee  17 0f 08 ee 10 0f 11 ee
        23 0c c0 e3 87 00 c0 e3  02 00 80 e3 01 0a 80 e3
        10 0f 01 ee 13 03 a0 e3  ff 14 e0 e3 00 10 80 e5
        13 03 a0 e3 05 10 a0 e3  14 10 80 e5 10 1f 11 ee
        03 11 81 e3 10 1f 01 ee  13 13 a0 e3 7f 2a a0 e3
        21 20 82 e2 04 20 81 e5  dc 00 9f e5 dc 10 9f e5
        01 00 40 e0 14 30 4f e2  03 00 80 e0 12 13 a0 e3
        34 20 80 e2 04 30 90 e4  04 30 81 e4 00 00 52 e1
        fb ff ff 1a b8 00 9f e5  00 10 90 e5 03 1b c1 e3
        01 1b 81 e3 00 10 80 e5  00 30 92 e5 20 30 c3 e3
        00 30 82 e5 98 00 9f e5  00 10 90 e5 ff 1b c1 e3
        55 1b 81 e3 00 10 80 e5  88 00 9f e5 00 10 90 e5
        1e 1e 81 e3 00 10 80 e5  7c 20 9f e5 00 30 92 e5
        1e 3e 83 e3 00 30 82 e5  01 04 a0 e3 28 00 00 eb
        00 30 92 e5 20 30 c3 e3  00 30 82 e5 01 04 a0 e3
        23 00 00 eb 00 30 92 e5  40 30 c3 e3 00 30 82 e5
        01 04 a0 e3 1e 00 00 eb  00 30 92 e5 80 30 c3 e3
        00 30 82 e5 01 04 a0 e3  19 00 00 eb 00 30 92 e5
        01 3c c3 e3 00 30 82 e5  01 04 a0 e3 14 00 00 eb
        e4 ff ff ea fe ff ff ea  ff 07 00 00 80 01 00 33
        88 00 00 33 10 00 00 56  18 00 00 56 14 00 00 56
        10 d1 11 22 00 07 00 00  00 07 00 00 00 07 00 00
        40 c7 01 00 00 07 00 00  40 c7 01 00 05 80 01 00
        05 80 01 00 59 04 8e 00  b2 00 00 00 30 00 00 00
        30 00 00 00 01 00 40 e2  00 00 50 e3 fc ff ff 1a
        0e f0 a0 e1 ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
OOB:
        69 ff 99 00 ff ff ff ff
        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
可見上面已將nand-boot.bin寫入了nand flash中了。
6、將系統置為nand flash啟動，可以看到跑馬燈的現象，說明上面的構思是正確的。

明天繼續。

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