Win32 API之Setlocale函式配置地域化資訊函式

whatday發表於2013-08-03
Win32API函式
setlocale:
函式原形為：char *setlocale( int category, const char *locale );
標頭檔案：<locale.h>
所支援的作業系統為:ANSI, Win 95, Win NT
對於簡體中文可以使用如下設定：setlocale( LC_ALL, "chs" );

為什麼一定要呼叫setlocale呢？
因為在C/C++語言標準中定義了其執行時的字符集環境為"C"，也就是ASCII字符集的一個子集，那麼mbstowcs在工作時會將cstr中所包含的字串看作是ASCII編碼的字元，而不認為是一個包含有chs編碼的字串，所以他會將每一箇中文拆成2個ASCII編碼進行轉換，這樣得到的結果就是會形成4個wchar_t的字元組成的串，那麼如何才能夠讓mbstowcs正常工作呢？在呼叫mbstowcs進行轉換之間必須明確的告訴mbstowcs目前cstr串中包含的是chs編碼的字串，通過setlocale( LC_ALL, "chs" )函式呼叫來完成，需要注意的是這個函式會改變整個應用程式的字符集編碼方式，必須要通過重新呼叫setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" )函式來還原，這樣就可以保證mbstowcs在轉換時將cstr中的串看作是中文串，並且轉換成為2個wchar_t字元，而不是4個。 

 

本地化設定需要具備三個條件：
a.語言程式碼(Language Code)
b.國家程式碼(Country Code)
c.編碼(Encoding)
本地名字可以用下面這些部分來構造：
語言程式碼_國家程式碼.編碼 比如（zh_CN.UTF-8, en_US等）

locale的別名表見/usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias(以Debian GNU/Linux為例)

setlocale語言字串參考

Primary
language
Sublanguage
Language string
Chinese Chinese "chinese"
Chinese Chinese (simplified) "chinese-simplified" or "chs"
Chinese Chinese (traditional) "chinese-traditional" or "cht"
Czech Czech "csy" or "czech"
Danish Danish "dan" or "danish"
Dutch Dutch (default) "dutch" or "nld"
Dutch Dutch (Belgian) "belgian", "dutch-belgian", or "nlb"
English English (default) "english"
English English (Australian) "australian", "ena", or "english-aus"
English English (Canadian) "canadian", "enc", or "english-can"
English English (New Zealand) "english-nz" or "enz"
English English (United Kingdom) "eng", "english-uk", or "uk"
English English (United States) "american", "american english", "american-english", "english-american", "english-us", "english-usa", "enu", "us", or "usa"
Finnish Finnish "fin" or "finnish"
French French (default) "fra" or "french"
French French (Belgian) "frb" or "french-belgian"
French French (Canadian) "frc" or "french-canadian"
French French (Swiss) "french-swiss" or "frs"
German German (default) "deu" or "german"
German German (Austrian) "dea" or "german-austrian"
German German (Swiss) "des", "german-swiss", or "swiss"
Greek Greek "ell" or "greek"
Hungarian Hungarian "hun" or "hungarian"
Icelandic Icelandic "icelandic" or "isl"
Italian Italian (default) "ita" or "italian"
Italian Italian (Swiss) "italian-swiss" or "its"
Japanese Japanese "japanese" or "jpn"
Korean Korean "kor" or "korean"
Norwegian Norwegian (default) "norwegian"
Norwegian Norwegian (Bokmal) "nor" or "norwegian-bokmal"
Norwegian Norwegian (Nynorsk) "non" or "norwegian-nynorsk"
Polish Polish "plk" or "polish"
Portuguese Portuguese (default) "portuguese" or "ptg"
Portuguese Portuguese (Brazilian) "portuguese-brazil" or "ptb"
Russian Russian (default) "rus" or "russian"
Slovak Slovak "sky" or "slovak"
Spanish Spanish (default) "esp" or "spanish"
Spanish Spanish (Mexican) "esm" or "spanish-mexican"
Spanish Spanish (Modern) "esn" or "spanish-modern"
Swedish Swedish "sve" or "swedish"
Turkish Turkish "trk" or "turkish"

 

setlocale國家字串參考

Country/Region Country/Region string
Australia "aus" or "australia"
Austria "aut" or "austria"
Belgium "bel" or "belgium"
Brazil "bra" or "brazil"
Canada "can" or "canada"
China "china", "chn", "pr china", or "pr-china"
Czech Republic "cze" or "czech"
Denmark "dnk" or "denmark"
Finland "fin" or "finland"
France "fra" or "france"
Germany "deu" or "germany"
Greece "grc" or "greece"
Hong Kong SAR "hkg", "hong kong", or "hong-kong"
Hungary "hun" or "hungary"
Iceland "iceland" or "isl"
Ireland "irl" or "ireland"
Italy "ita" or "italy"
Japan "jpn" or "japan"
Korea "kor" or "korea"
Mexico "mex" or "mexico"
The Netherlands "nld", "holland", or "netherlands"
New Zealand "nzl", "new zealand", "new-zealand", or "nz"
Norway "nor" or "norway"
Poland "pol" or "poland"
Portugal "prt" or "portugal"
Russia "rus" or "russia"
Singapore "sgp" or "singapore"
Slovakia "svk" or "slovak"
Spain "esp" or "spain"
Sweden "swe" or "sweden"
Switzerland "che" or "switzerland"
Taiwan "twn" or "taiwan"
Turkey "tur" or "turkey"
United Kingdom "gbr", "britain", "england", "great britain", "uk", "united kingdom", or "united-kingdom"
United States "usa", "america", "united states", "united-states", or "us"

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