python: collections

Ordereddict

• class collections.OrderedDict([items])

把 這個和 sorted 使用的栗子 也順便看了！

class collections.abc.MutableMapping

繼承類必須實現的 Abstract Methods 有:

__getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__, __iter__, __len__

原始碼實現 Lib/collections.abc

class MutableMapping(Mapping):

    __slots__ = ()

    """A MutableMapping is a generic container for associating
    key/value pairs.
    This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
    methods except for __getitem__, __setitem__, __delitem__,
    __iter__, and __len__.
    """

    @abstractmethod
    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        raise KeyError

    @abstractmethod
    def __delitem__(self, key):
        raise KeyError

    __marker = object()

    def pop(self, key, default=__marker):
        '''D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
          If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised.
        '''
        try:
            value = self[key]
        except KeyError:
            if default is self.__marker:
                raise
            return default
        else:
            del self[key]
            return value

    def popitem(self):
        '''D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair
           as a 2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
        '''
        try:
            key = next(iter(self))
        except StopIteration:
            raise KeyError
        value = self[key]
        del self[key]
        return key, value

    def clear(self):
        'D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D.'
        try:
            while True:
                self.popitem()
        except KeyError:
            pass

    def update(*args, **kwds):
        ''' D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from mapping/iterable E and F.
            If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
            If E present and lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
            In either case, this is followed by: for k, v in F.items(): D[k] = v
        '''
        if not args:
            raise TypeError("descriptor 'update' of 'MutableMapping' object "
                            "needs an argument")
        self, *args = args
        if len(args) > 1:
            raise TypeError('update expected at most 1 arguments, got %d' %
                            len(args))
        if args:
            other = args[0]
            if isinstance(other, Mapping):
                for key in other:
                    self[key] = other[key]
            elif hasattr(other, "keys"):
                for key in other.keys():
                    self[key] = other[key]
            else:
                for key, value in other:
                    self[key] = value
        for key, value in kwds.items():
            self[key] = value

    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
        'D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D'
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError:
            self[key] = default
        return default

MutableMapping.register(dict)

對應父類 Mapping 的原始碼

class Mapping(Collection):

    __slots__ = ()

    """A Mapping is a generic container for associating key/value
    pairs.
    This class provides concrete generic implementations of all
    methods except for __getitem__, __iter__, and __len__.
    """

    @abstractmethod
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        raise KeyError

    def get(self, key, default=None):
        'D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None.'
        try:
            return self[key]
        except KeyError:
            return default

    def __contains__(self, key):
        try:
            self[key]
        except KeyError:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    def keys(self):
        "D.keys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys"
        return KeysView(self)

    def items(self):
        "D.items() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items"
        return ItemsView(self)

    def values(self):
        "D.values() -> an object providing a view on D's values"
        return ValuesView(self)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, Mapping):
            return NotImplemented
        return dict(self.items()) == dict(other.items())

    __reversed__ = None

Mapping.register(mappingproxy)

接著看看 KeysView

class KeysView(MappingView, Set):

    __slots__ = ()

    @classmethod
    def _from_iterable(self, it):
        return set(it)

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self._mapping

    def __iter__(self):
        yield from self._mapping

KeysView.register(dict_keys)

再看看 MappingView

class MappingView(Sized):

    __slots__ = '_mapping',

    def __init__(self, mapping):
        self._mapping = mapping

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._mapping)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '{0.__class__.__name__}({0._mapping!r})'.format(self)

參考

• python documentation: collections.abc

• python documentation: collections