Spring MVC

00潤物無聲00發表於2016-07-31

SpringMVC

SpingMVC 是一個MVC框架，通過實現MVC很好的將資料、業務、展現進行分離

一、MVC架構

二、Spring MVC架構

架構流程：

1、使用者傳送請求至前端控制器DispatcherServlet

2、 DispatcherServlet收到請求呼叫HandlerMapping處理器對映器。

3、處理器對映器根據請求url找到具體的處理器，生成處理器物件及處理器攔截器(如果有則生成)一併返回給DispatcherServlet。

4、 DispatcherServlet通過HandlerAdapter處理器介面卡呼叫處理器

5、執行處理器(Controller，也叫後端控制器)。

6、 Controller執行完成返回ModelAndView

7、 HandlerAdapter將controller執行結果ModelAndView返回給DispatcherServlet

8、 DispatcherServlet將ModelAndView傳給ViewReslover檢視解析器

9、 ViewReslover解析後返回具體View

10、 DispatcherServlet對View進行渲染檢視（即將模型資料填充至檢視中）。

11、 DispatcherServlet響應使用者

三、入門例子

1、建立工程，拷貝SpringMVC相關的jar包

2、配置web.xml，配置中央控制器DispatherServlet

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc01</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc01</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

3、在建立springmvc配置檔案,配置對映器，檢視解析器

	<!-- handler-->
    <bean name="/hello.do" class="com.wangfan.spingmvc01.HelloController"></bean>
	<!-- 對映器 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping"></bean>
	<!-- 介面卡 -->

	<!-- 配置檢視解析器 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 字首 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
		<!-- 字尾 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>

4、建立首頁

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form action="hello.do" method="post">
		hello:<input type="text" name="hello" /> <input type="submit"
			value="提交" />
	</form>
</body>
</html>

5、建立controller繼承AbstractController,重寫handleRequestInternal

package com.wangfan.spingmvc01;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloController extends AbstractController {

    @Override
    protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        String hello=request.getParameter("hello");
        System.out.println("----:"+hello);
        
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("helloworld", "hello"+hello);
        return mav;
    }

}

6、建立需要發現請求的JSP頁面

/view目錄下

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>${helloworld}</h1>
</body>
</html>

四、對映器三種方式

	<bean id="userController" name="/user.do"
		class="com.wangfan.springmvc03.UserController"></bean>
	<!-- 配置對映器HandlerMapping -->
	<!-- 第一種方式：根據beanname找到對應的controller -->
	<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerBeanNameHandlerMapping"></bean> -->
	<!-- 第二種方式：根據簡單URL來找到對應的controller -->
	<!-- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping"> 
		<property name="mappings"> 
		    <props> 
		       <prop key="/userInfo.do">userController</prop> 
		   </props> 
		</property>
     </bean> -->
	<!-- 第三種方式：控制類的類名訪問找到對應的controller ,訪問時首字母需要小些 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"></bean>
	<bean class="com.wangfan.springmvc03.UserController"></bean>

五、註解方式

1、首頁

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<a href="user/list.do">查詢</a><br>
	<a href="user/add.do">新增</a><br>
	<a href="user/update.do">修改</a><br>
</body>
</html>

2、增添查改頁面

user_add.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
	pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<h1>新增使用者資訊</h1>
</body>
</html>

3、web.xml配置、Springmvc.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>springmvc04</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc04</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc04</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
    <!--  spring註解驅動 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <!-- 掃描器 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wangfan.springmvc04"></context:component-scan>

	<!-- 配置檢視解析器 -->
	<bean
		class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<!-- 字首 -->
		<property name="prefix" value="/view/"></property>
		<!-- 字尾 -->
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

4、controller處理

package com.wangfan.springmvc04;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")//User Controller模組
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/list.do") // 預設post和get方式都行
    public String list() {
        System.out.println("----查詢使用者資訊-----");
        return "userinfo/user_list";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/add.do")
    public String add(){
        System.out.println("----新增使用者資訊-----");
        return "userinfo/user_add";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/update.do")
    public String update(){
        System.out.println("----修改使用者資訊-----");
        return "userinfo/user_update";
    }
}

六、Spring結合Ajax以Json格式傳遞資料

前端：

配置SpringMVC.xml把物件解析成Json格式：

後端Controller：

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