檢視日誌如下:

2014-12-22 12:08:27,264 INFO org.mortbay.log: Started HttpServer2$SelectChannelConnectorWithSafeStartup@0.0.0.0:50075
2014-12-22 12:08:27,692 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: dnUserName = root
2014-12-22 12:08:27,692 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: supergroup = supergroup
2014-12-22 12:08:32,865 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.CallQueueManager: Using callQueue class java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue
2014-12-22 12:08:32,889 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: Starting Socket Reader #1 for port 50020
2014-12-22 12:08:32,931 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Opened IPC server at /0.0.0.0:50020
2014-12-22 12:08:32,945 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Refresh request received for nameservices: null
2014-12-22 12:08:32,968 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Starting BPOfferServices for nameservices: <default>
2014-12-22 12:08:32,992 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Block pool <registering> (Datanode Uuid unassigned) service to localhost/127.0.0.1:8020 starting to offer service
2014-12-22 12:08:33,001 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server Responder: starting
2014-12-22 12:08:33,003 INFO org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server: IPC Server listener on 50020: starting

2014-12-22 12:08:33,536 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage: DataNode version: -56 and NameNode layout version: -60

2014-12-22 12:08:33,699 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.common.Storage: Lock on /home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data/in_use.lock acquired by nodename 17247@henry-ThinkPad-T400
2014-12-22 12:08:33,706 FATAL org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Initialization failed for Block pool <registering> (Datanode Uuid unassigned) service to localhost/127.0.0.1:8020. Exiting.
java.io.IOException: Incompatible clusterIDs in /home/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data: namenode clusterID = CID-19f887ba-2e8d-4c7e-ae01-e38a30581693; datanode clusterID = CID-14aac0b3-3c32-45db-adb8-b5fc494eaa3d
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.doTransition(DataStorage.java:646)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.addStorageLocations(DataStorage.java:320)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:403)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataStorage.recoverTransitionRead(DataStorage.java:422)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initStorage(DataNode.java:1311)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode.initBlockPool(DataNode.java:1276)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPOfferService.verifyAndSetNamespaceInfo(BPOfferService.java:314)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.connectToNNAndHandshake(BPServiceActor.java:220)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.BPServiceActor.run(BPServiceActor.java:828)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:662)
2014-12-22 12:08:33,716 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Ending block pool service for: Block pool <registering> (Datanode Uuid unassigned) service to localhost/127.0.0.1:8020
2014-12-22 12:08:33,718 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Removed Block pool <registering> (Datanode Uuid unassigned)
2014-12-22 12:08:35,718 WARN org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Exiting Datanode
2014-12-22 12:08:35,720 INFO org.apache.hadoop.util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
2014-12-22 12:08:35,722 INFO org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down DataNode at henry-ThinkPad-T400/127.0.0.1
************************************************************/

從日誌上看，加粗的部分說明了問題

datanode的clusterID 和 namenode的clusterID 不匹配。

解決辦法:

根據日誌中的路徑，cd /home/hadoop/tmp/dfs

能看到 data和name兩個資料夾，

將name/current下的VERSION中的clusterID複製到data/current下的VERSION中，覆蓋掉原來的clusterID

讓兩個保持一致

然後重啟，啟動後執行jps，檢視程式

20131 SecondaryNameNode
20449 NodeManager
19776 NameNode
21123 Jps
19918 DataNode
20305 ResourceManager

出現該問題的原因：在第一次格式化dfs後，啟動並使用了hadoop，後來又重新執行了格式化命令（hdfs namenode -format)，這時namenode的clusterID會重新生成，而datanode的clusterID 保持不變。