Java實現將文字內容、網址連結url,生成二維碼與反解析

      QR碼的“QR”是Quick Response 的縮寫，是二維碼的一種。這種二維碼能夠快速讀取，與之前的條形碼相比，QR 碼能儲存更豐富的資訊，包括對文字、URL 地址和其他型別的資料加密。這篇文章將分享如何使用Java實現將文字內容及任意資料生成二維碼，掃碼就解析顯示資料；將網址連結url,生成二維碼，掃碼即可跳轉；並實現二維碼資料反解析。

1、下載QR二維碼包，zxing.jar 包, 我這裡用的是3.0 版本的core包（core-3.0.0.jar）。下載地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/ljheee/9686956

      ZXing是一個開源Java類庫用於解析多種格式的1D/2D條形碼。目標是能夠對QR編碼、Data Matrix、UPC的1D條形碼進行解碼。

2、Java工程

      新建一個java工程，將下載好的jar包，core-3.0.0.jar匯入工程Bulid Path。

      步驟：右擊工程，選擇“Bulid Path”，選擇彈出對話方塊的“Libraries”，之後選擇“add  External JARs”，找到jar檔案的存放路徑，點選Apply。

工程程式碼2個核心Java檔案如下：

BufferedImageLuminanceSource.java 

package com.ljheee.demo;

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import com.google.zxing.LuminanceSource;

/**
 * LuminanceSource這類層次結構的目的是不同的點陣圖實現跨平臺為請求獲得灰度亮度值的標準介面。該介面只提供了抽象方法，
 * 因此可以生成和旋轉建立副本。這是為了確保一個讀者不修改原來的亮度源，並讓它在一個未知的狀態，在鏈中的其他讀者。
 * https://zxing.github.io/zxing/apidocs/com/google/zxing/LuminanceSource.html
 * @author ljheee
 *
 */
public class BufferedImageLuminanceSource extends LuminanceSource {
	
	private final BufferedImage image;
	private final int left;
	private final int top;

	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image) {
		this(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight());
	}

	/**
	 * 構造方法
	 * @param image
	 * @param left
	 * @param top
	 * @param width
	 * @param height
	 */
	public BufferedImageLuminanceSource(BufferedImage image, int left, int top, int width, int height) {
		super(width, height);

		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		if (left + width > sourceWidth || top + height > sourceHeight) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Crop rectangle does not fit within image data.");
		}

		for (int y = top; y < top + height; y++) {
			for (int x = left; x < left + width; x++) {
				if ((image.getRGB(x, y) & 0xFF000000) == 0) {
					image.setRGB(x, y, 0xFFFFFFFF); // = white
				}
			}
		}

		this.image = new BufferedImage(sourceWidth, sourceHeight, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		this.image.getGraphics().drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
		this.left = left;
		this.top = top;
	}

	
	@Override
	public byte[] getRow(int y, byte[] row) {//從底層平臺的點陣圖提取一行（only one row）的亮度資料值
		if (y < 0 || y >= getHeight()) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested row is outside the image: " + y);
		}
		int width = getWidth();
		if (row == null || row.length < width) {
			row = new byte[width];
		}
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top + y, width, 1, row);
		return row;
	}

	@Override
	public byte[] getMatrix() {///從底層平臺的點陣圖提取亮度資料值
		int width = getWidth();
		int height = getHeight();
		int area = width * height;
		byte[] matrix = new byte[area];
		image.getRaster().getDataElements(left, top, width, height, matrix);
		return matrix;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean isCropSupported() {//是否支援裁剪
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * 返回一個新的物件與裁剪的影象資料。實現可以儲存對原始資料的引用，而不是複製。
	 */
	@Override
	public LuminanceSource crop(int left, int top, int width, int height) {
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image, this.left + left, this.top + top, width, height);
	}
	
	@Override
	public boolean isRotateSupported() {//是否支援旋轉
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public LuminanceSource rotateCounterClockwise() {//逆時針旋轉影象資料的90度，返回一個新的物件。
		int sourceWidth = image.getWidth();
		int sourceHeight = image.getHeight();
		AffineTransform transform = new AffineTransform(0.0, -1.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, sourceWidth);
		BufferedImage rotatedImage = new BufferedImage(sourceHeight, sourceWidth, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_GRAY);
		Graphics2D g = rotatedImage.createGraphics();
		g.drawImage(image, transform, null);
		g.dispose();
		int width = getWidth();
		return new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(rotatedImage, top, sourceWidth - (left + width), getHeight(), width);
	}
}

QRCodeUtil.java

package com.ljheee.demo;

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Shape;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.BinaryBitmap;
import com.google.zxing.DecodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.EncodeHintType;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatReader;
import com.google.zxing.MultiFormatWriter;
import com.google.zxing.Result;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
/**
 * 二維碼生成工具
 * @author ljheee
 *
 */
public class QRCodeUtil {

	private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
	private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
	// 二維碼尺寸
	private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 300;
	// LOGO寬度
	private static final int WIDTH = 60;
	// LOGO高度
	private static final int HEIGHT = 60;
	

	/**
	 * 生成二維碼
	 * @param content	源內容
	 * @param imgPath	生成二維碼儲存的路徑
	 * @param needCompress	是否要壓縮
	 * @return		返回二維碼圖片
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
		BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE,
				hints);
		int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
		int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
			for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
				image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000 : 0xFFFFFFFF);
			}
		}
		if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
			return image;
		}
		// 插入圖片
		QRCodeUtil.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
		return image;
	}

	/**
	 * 在生成的二維碼中插入圖片
	 * @param source
	 * @param imgPath
	 * @param needCompress
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		File file = new File(imgPath);
		if (!file.exists()) {
			System.err.println("" + imgPath + "   該檔案不存在！");
			return;
		}
		Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
		int width = src.getWidth(null);
		int height = src.getHeight(null);
		if (needCompress) { // 壓縮LOGO
			if (width > WIDTH) {
				width = WIDTH;
			}
			if (height > HEIGHT) {
				height = HEIGHT;
			}
			Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height, Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
			BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
			Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
			g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 繪製縮小後的圖
			g.dispose();
			src = image;
		}
		// 插入LOGO
		Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
		int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 2;
		int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 2;
		graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
		Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
		graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
		graph.draw(shape);
		graph.dispose();
	}

	/**
	 * 生成帶logo二維碼，並儲存到磁碟
	 * @param content
	 * @param imgPath	logo圖片
	 * @param destPath
	 * @param needCompress
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
		mkdirs(destPath);
		String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999) + ".jpg";//生成隨機檔名
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath + "/" + file));
	}

	public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
		File file = new File(destPath);
		// 當資料夾不存在時，mkdirs會自動建立多層目錄，區別於mkdir。(mkdir如果父目錄不存在則會丟擲異常)
		if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
			file.mkdirs();
		}
	}

	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false);
	}

	public static void encode(String content, String destPath, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress);
	}

	public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, destPath, false);
	}

	public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, OutputStream output, boolean needCompress)
			throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtil.createImage(content, imgPath, needCompress);
		ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
	}

	public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output) throws Exception {
		QRCodeUtil.encode(content, null, output, false);
	}

	
	/**
	 * 從二維碼中，解析資料
	 * @param file	二維碼圖片檔案
	 * @return	 返回從二維碼中解析到的資料值
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
		BufferedImage image;
		image = ImageIO.read(file);
		if (image == null) {
			return null;
		}
		BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(image);
		BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
		Result result;
		Hashtable hints = new Hashtable();
		hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
		result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
		String resultStr = result.getText();
		return resultStr;
	}

	public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
		return QRCodeUtil.decode(new File(path));
	}

}

工程路徑下，有一個11.jpg圖片做logo:

 

main方法：

package com.ljheee.app;
import com.ljheee.demo.QRCodeUtil;

public class App {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		//生成帶logo 的二維碼 
		String text = "http://my.csdn.net/ljheee";
		QRCodeUtil.encode(text, "11.JPG", "d:/WPS", true);
		
		//生成不帶logo 的二維碼
		String textt = "http://www.baidu.com";
		QRCodeUtil.encode(textt,"","d:/WPS",true);
		
		//指定二維碼圖片，解析返回資料
		System.out.println(QRCodeUtil.decode("D:/WPS/75040887.jpg"));
 
	}
}

結果：在指定目錄下，生成並儲存了二維碼。

 

 

掃碼後，即可加入我的部落格。