多對多關係<EntityFramework6.0>

Halower發表於2014-09-13
Framework

無負載建立多對多關聯的模型

原文中是Modeling a Many-to-Many Relationship with No Payload，雖然這麼翻譯也有點不準確，但是可以說明其目的，如下圖所示，資料庫中是這樣的關係，

我們按照Database Frist的開發模式，由嚮導建立模型，會得到幾個實體物件呢？

由此看出，這種多對多的關係賓補需要其它實體承載和轉換，那麼Modeling a Many-to-Many Relationship with No Payload也就這個意思咯。

再看看它是怎麼工作的：

 　　　　　　using (var context = new EF6RecipesContext__1())
            {
                // add an artist with two albums
                var artist = new Artist { FirstName = "Alan", LastName = "Jackson" };
                var album1 = new Album { AlbumName = "Drive" };
                var album2 = new Album { AlbumName = "Live at Texas Stadium" };
                artist.Albums.Add(album1);
                artist.Albums.Add(album2);
                context.Artists.Add(artist);
                // add an album for two artists
                var artist1 = new Artist { FirstName = "Tobby", LastName = "Keith" };
                var artist2 = new Artist { FirstName = "Merle", LastName = "Haggard" };
                var album = new Album { AlbumName = "Honkytonk University" };
                artist1.Albums.Add(album);
                artist2.Albums.Add(album);
                context.Albums.Add(album);
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
            using (var context = new EF6RecipesContext__1())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Artists and their albums...");
                var artists = context.Artists;
                foreach (var artist in artists)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1}", artist.FirstName, artist.LastName);
                    foreach (var album in artist.Albums)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", album.AlbumName);
                    }
                }
                Console.WriteLine("\nAlbums and their artists...");
                var albums = context.Albums;
                foreach (var album in albums)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}", album.AlbumName);
                    foreach (var artist in album.Artists)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\t{0} {1}", artist.FirstName, artist.LastName);
                    }
                }
            }

建立多對多關聯的模型並新增額外的資訊

上面的LinkTable只包含了兩個外來鍵資訊，EntityFramework並不會為此生成一個EntityType，但是如果LinkTable中附加了一些資訊，EntityFramework就會為此生成一個EntityType，形成兩個一對多的關聯如下：

那麼根據嚮導生成的實體關係圖如下：

再看看它是如何讓工作的【書中這段程式碼有點問題，現更正如下】

using (var context = new EF6_2RecipesContext())
            {
                var order = new Order
                {
                    OrderId = 1,
                    OrderDate = new DateTime(2010, 1, 18)
                };
                var item = new Item
                {
                    SKU = 1729,
                    Description = "Backpack",
                    Price = 29.97M
                };
                var oi = new OrderItem { Order = order, Item = item, Count = 1 };
                context.OrderItems.Add(oi);
                item = new Item
                {
                    SKU = 2929,
                    Description = "Water Filter",
                    Price = 13.97M
                };
                oi = new OrderItem { Order = order, Item = item, Count = 3 };
                context.OrderItems.Add(oi);
                item = new Item
                {
                    SKU = 1847,
                    Description = "Camp Stove",
                    Price = 43.99M
                };
                oi = new OrderItem { Order = order, Item = item, Count = 1 };
                context.OrderItems.Add(oi);
                context.SaveChanges();
            }
            using (var context = new EF6_2RecipesContext())
            {
                foreach (var order in context.Orders)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Order # {0}, ordered on {1}", order.OrderId,order.OrderDate);
                    Console.WriteLine("SKU\tDescription\tQty\tPrice");
                    Console.WriteLine("---\t-----------\t---\t-----");
                    foreach (var oi in order.OrderItems)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("{0}\t{1}\t{2}\t{3}", oi.Item.SKU,
                        oi.Item.Description, oi.Count,
                        oi.Item.Price.ToString("C"));
                    }
                }
            }

這也是書中推薦的建立多對多關係的方式，當然，專案的初期可能不需要新增額外的資訊，而形成的第一種多對多的模式，那麼書中也給出了最簡單也是最優的解決方案，就是在LinkTable中額外使用一個Int型別的標識列即可，這樣，到後期就可以體現出它的靈活性了。

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