什麼是自動化測試
- 每次更新完系統後，可自動進行測試，而不是手工從頭測試一遍；
- 從長遠和全域性的角度看，測試能節約我們的時間；
- 測試是一種積極的行為，它能預防問題，而不僅僅是識別問題；
- 測試有助於程式碼美觀和團隊合作；
- 測試能使你詳細你的程式碼，沒有測試的程式碼存在設計漏洞；
- 測試可以邊編寫邊執行，也可以測試為驅動，或者最後進行測試；
model部分的測試
tests.py檔案
import datetime
from django.utils import timezone
from django.test import TestCase
from polls.models import Poll
class PollMethodTests(TestCase):
def test_was_published_recently_with_future_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose
pub_date is in the future
"""
future_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(future_poll.was_published_recently(), False)執行命令
python manage.py test polls流程如下：
- 首先尋找polls應用下的tests
- 找到了django.test.TestCase的子類
- 建立了以測試為目的的資料庫
- 尋找測試的方法——以test開頭的方法
- 在方法中，建立了一個Poll的物件
- 用斷言的方法返回結果
修正BUG
def was_published_recently(self):
now = timezone.now()
return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date < now完整的測試
def test_was_published_recently_with_old_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return False for polls whose pub_date
is older than 1 day
"""
old_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=30))
self.assertEqual(old_poll.was_published_recently(), False)
def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_poll(self):
"""
was_published_recently() should return True for polls whose pub_date
is within the last day
"""
recent_poll = Poll(pub_date=timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=1))
self.assertEqual(recent_poll.was_published_recently(), True)檢視層的測試
Django測試client
此過程不會建立測試資料庫，因此會修改原有資料庫
>>> from django.test.utils import setup_test_environment
>>> setup_test_environment()
>>> from django.test.client import Client
>>> client = Client()
>>> response = client.get('/')
>>> from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
>>> response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
>>> response.status_code
>>> response.content修正view並測試
不顯示未來發表的投票
from django.utils import timezone
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Return the last five published polls (not including those set to be
published in the future).
"""
return Poll.objects.filter(
pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]進行測試
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
def create_poll(question, days):
"""
Creates a poll with the given `question` published the given number of
`days` offset to now (negative for polls published in the past,
positive for polls that have yet to be published).
"""
return Poll.objects.create(question=question,
pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days))
class PollViewTests(TestCase):
def test_index_view_with_no_polls(self):
"""
If no polls exist, an appropriate message should be displayed.
"""
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_poll_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the past should be displayed on the index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
Polls with a pub_date in the future should not be displayed on the
index page.
"""
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)
self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_poll_list'], [])
def test_index_view_with_future_poll_and_past_poll(self):
"""
Even if both past and future polls exist, only past polls should be
displayed.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Future poll.", days=30)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll.>']
)
def test_index_view_with_two_past_polls(self):
"""
The polls index page may display multiple polls.
"""
create_poll(question="Past poll 1.", days=-30)
create_poll(question="Past poll 2.", days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
self.assertQuerysetEqual(
response.context['latest_poll_list'],
['<Poll: Past poll 2.>', '<Poll: Past poll 1.>']
)- create_poll是為了減少程式碼冗餘；
- assertEqual判斷變數相等，assertQuerysetEqual判斷列表等集合相等；
- assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")判斷返回值，也可增加self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.", status_code=200)；
測試DetailView
為了避免直接通過URL訪問未來的測試，我們修改view.py中的相應頁面；
class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
...
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Excludes any polls that aren't published yet.
"""
return Poll.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())增加相應的測試頁面
class PollIndexDetailTests(TestCase):
def test_detail_view_with_a_future_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the future should
return a 404 not found.
"""
future_poll = create_poll(question='Future poll.', days=5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_poll.id,)))
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
def test_detail_view_with_a_past_poll(self):
"""
The detail view of a poll with a pub_date in the past should display
the poll's question.
"""
past_poll = create_poll(question='Past Poll.', days=-5)
response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_poll.id,)))
self.assertContains(response, past_poll.question, status_code=200)未來測試的建議
- 不要怕測試多，測試越多越好；
- 每個model or view，都有獨立的TestClass；
- 每個測試方法，都有一個你想要測試的獨立環境；
- 測試方法的名字要描述他們的功能；