網路協議體系(二)

1.體系結構簡介

計算機之間通訊分為很多種，有檔案通訊，web通訊等，需要一套協議體系來規定通訊的各種各樣的規則，以保證各種各樣的通訊

有條不行的進行.

OSI的七層協議概念清楚，但並不實用，而現實中TCP/IP協議採用四層，而我們學習的時候才用折中的的方法，採用五層的體系結

構如下圖.

2.用wireshark擷取SNMP協議在各層的報文

1.應用層

2.運輸層

3.網路層

4.資料鏈路層

3.五層協議介紹

1.應用層

例子1 應用層HTTP協議

實驗1.用telnet模擬http請求

實驗2.用socket模擬http請求

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;

namespace SocketTest
{
    class Program
    {
        private static Socket ConnectSocket(string server, int port)
        {
            Socket s = null;
            IPHostEntry hostEntry = null;

            // Get host related information.
            hostEntry = Dns.GetHostEntry(server);

            // Loop through the AddressList to obtain the supported AddressFamily. This is to avoid
            // an exception that occurs when the host IP Address is not compatible with the address family
            // (typical in the IPv6 case).
            foreach (IPAddress address in hostEntry.AddressList)
            {
                IPEndPoint ipe = new IPEndPoint(address, port);
                Socket tempSocket =
                    new Socket(ipe.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);

                tempSocket.Connect(ipe);

                if (tempSocket.Connected)
                {
                    s = tempSocket;
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            return s;
        }

        // This method requests the home page content for the specified server.
        private static string SocketSendReceive(string server, int port)
        {
            string request = "GET /btim3.0sp1/login.aspx HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: " + server +
                "\r\nConnection: Close\r\nAccept-Language:zh-cn\r\nAccept-Charset:utf-8\r\nAccept-Charset:iso-8859-1,gb2312\r\n\r\n";
            Byte[] bytesSent = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(request);
            Byte[] bytesReceived = new Byte[256];

            // Create a socket connection with the specified server and port.
            Socket s = ConnectSocket(server, port);

            if (s == null)
                return ("Connection failed");

            // Send request to the server.
            s.Send(bytesSent, bytesSent.Length, 0);

            // Receive the server home page content.
            int bytes = 0;
            string page = "Default HTML page on " + server + ":\r\n";

            // The following will block until te page is transmitted.
            do
            {
                bytes = s.Receive(bytesReceived, bytesReceived.Length, 0);
                page = page + Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bytesReceived, 0, bytes);
            }
            while (bytes > 0);

            return page;
        }

        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string host;
            int port = 88;

            if (args.Length == 0)
                // If no server name is passed as argument to this program, 
                // use the current host name as the default.
                host = Dns.GetHostName();
            else
                host = args[0];

            string result = SocketSendReceive(host, port);
            Console.WriteLine(result);
            Console.Read();
        }

    }
}