Dataset是一個強型別的特定領域的物件,這種物件可以函式式或者關係操作並行地轉換。每個Dataset也有一個被稱為一個DataFrame的型別化檢視,這種DataFrame是Row型別的Dataset,即Dataset[Row]
Dataset是“懶惰”的,只在執行行動操作時觸發計算。本質上,資料集表示一個邏輯計劃,該計劃描述了產生資料所需的計算。當執行行動操作時,Spark的查詢優化程式優化邏輯計劃,並生成一個高效的並行和分散式物理計劃。
示例資料欄位解釋
// affairs:一年來婚外情的頻率
// gender:性別
// age:年齡
// yearsmarried:婚齡
// children:是否有小孩
// religiousness:宗教信仰程度(5分制,1分表示反對,5分表示非常信仰)
// education:學歷
// occupation:職業(逆向編號的戈登7種分類)
// rating:對婚姻的自我評分(5分制,1表示非常不幸福,5表示非常幸福)
1.匯入常用的包
import scala.math._ import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset import org.apache.spark.sql.Row import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrame import org.apache.spark.sql.Column import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameReader import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._ import org.apache.spark.rdd.RDD import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.encoders.ExpressionEncoder import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoder import org.apache.spark.sql.DataFrameStatFunctions
2.建立SparkSession,並匯入示例資料
val spark = SparkSession.builder().appName("Spark SQL basic example").config("spark.some.config.option", "some-value").getOrCreate() // For implicit conversions like converting RDDs to DataFrames import spark.implicits._ val dataList: List[(Double, String, Double, Double, String, Double, Double, Double, Double)] = List( (0, "male", 37, 10, "no", 3, 18, 7, 4), (0, "female", 27, 4, "no", 4, 14, 6, 4), (0, "female", 32, 15, "yes", 1, 12, 1, 4), (0, "male", 57, 15, "yes", 5, 18, 6, 5), (0, "male", 22, 0.75, "no", 2, 17, 6, 3), (0, "female", 32, 1.5, "no", 2, 17, 5, 5), (0, "female", 22, 0.75, "no", 2, 12, 1, 3), (0, "male", 57, 15, "yes", 2, 14, 4, 4), (0, "female", 32, 15, "yes", 4, 16, 1, 2), (0, "male", 22, 1.5, "no", 4, 14, 4, 5)) val data = dataList.toDF("affairs", "gender", "age", "yearsmarried", "children", "religiousness", "education", "occupation", "rating") data.printSchema() root |-- affairs: double (nullable = false) |-- gender: string (nullable = true) |-- age: double (nullable = false) |-- yearsmarried: double (nullable = false) |-- children: string (nullable = true) |-- religiousness: double (nullable = false) |-- education: double (nullable = false) |-- occupation: double (nullable = false) |-- rating: double (nullable = false)
3.操作指定的列和行
// 在Spark-shell中展示,前n條記錄 data.show(7) +-------+------+----+------------+--------+-------------+---------+----------+------+ |affairs|gender| age|yearsmarried|children|religiousness|education|occupation|rating| +-------+------+----+------------+--------+-------------+---------+----------+------+ | 0.0| male|37.0| 10.0| no| 3.0| 18.0| 7.0| 4.0| | 0.0|female|27.0| 4.0| no| 4.0| 14.0| 6.0| 4.0| | 0.0|female|32.0| 15.0| yes| 1.0| 12.0| 1.0| 4.0| | 0.0| male|57.0| 15.0| yes| 5.0| 18.0| 6.0| 5.0| | 0.0| male|22.0| 0.75| no| 2.0| 17.0| 6.0| 3.0| | 0.0|female|32.0| 1.5| no| 2.0| 17.0| 5.0| 5.0| | 0.0|female|22.0| 0.75| no| 2.0| 12.0| 1.0| 3.0| +-------+------+----+------------+--------+-------------+---------+----------+------+ only showing top 7 rows // 取前n條記錄 val data3=data.limit(5) // 過濾 data.filter("age>50 and gender=='male' ").show +-------+------+----+------------+--------+-------------+---------+----------+------+ |affairs|gender| age|yearsmarried|children|religiousness|education|occupation|rating| +-------+------+----+------------+--------+-------------+---------+----------+------+ | 0.0| male|57.0| 15.0| yes| 5.0| 18.0| 6.0| 5.0| | 0.0| male|57.0| 15.0| yes| 2.0| 14.0| 4.0| 4.0| +-------+------+----+------------+--------+-------------+---------+----------+------+ // 資料框的所有列 val columnArray=data.columns columnArray: Array[String] = Array(affairs, gender, age, yearsmarried, children, religiousness, education, occupation, rating) // 查詢某些列的資料 data.select("gender", "age", "yearsmarried", "children").show(3) +------+----+------------+--------+ |gender| age|yearsmarried|children| +------+----+------------+--------+ | male|37.0| 10.0| no| |female|27.0| 4.0| no| |female|32.0| 15.0| yes| +------+----+------------+--------+ only showing top 3 rows val colArray=Array("gender", "age", "yearsmarried", "children") colArray: Array[String] = Array(gender, age, yearsmarried, children) data.selectExpr(colArray:_*).show(3) +------+----+------------+--------+ |gender| age|yearsmarried|children| +------+----+------------+--------+ | male|37.0| 10.0| no| |female|27.0| 4.0| no| |female|32.0| 15.0| yes| +------+----+------------+--------+ only showing top 3 rows // 操作指定的列,並排序 // data.selectExpr("gender", "age+1","cast(age as bigint)").orderBy($"gender".desc, $"age".asc).show data.selectExpr("gender", "age+1 as age1","cast(age as bigint) as age2").sort($"gender".desc, $"age".asc).show +------+----+----+ |gender|age1|age2| +------+----+----+ | male|23.0| 22| | male|23.0| 22| | male|38.0| 37| | male|58.0| 57| | male|58.0| 57| |female|23.0| 22| |female|28.0| 27| |female|33.0| 32| |female|33.0| 32| |female|33.0| 32| +------+----+----+
4.檢視SparkSQL邏輯和物理執行計劃
val data4=data.selectExpr("gender", "age+1 as age1","cast(age as bigint) as age2").sort($"gender".desc, $"age".asc) data4: org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset[org.apache.spark.sql.Row] = [gender: string, age1: double ... 1 more field] // 檢視物理執行計劃 data4.explain() == Physical Plan == *Project [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L] +- *Sort [gender#20 DESC, age#21 ASC], true, 0 +- Exchange rangepartitioning(gender#20 DESC, age#21 ASC, 200) +- LocalTableScan [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L, age#21] // 檢視邏輯和物理執行計劃 data4.explain(extended=true) == Parsed Logical Plan == 'Sort ['gender DESC, 'age ASC], true +- Project [gender#20, (age#21 + cast(1 as double)) AS age1#135, cast(age#21 as bigint) AS age2#136L] +- Project [_1#9 AS affairs#19, _2#10 AS gender#20, _3#11 AS age#21, _4#12 AS yearsmarried#22, _5#13 AS children#23, _6#14 AS religiousness#24, _7#15 AS education#25, _8#16 AS occupation#2 6, _9#17 AS rating#27] +- LocalRelation [_1#9, _2#10, _3#11, _4#12, _5#13, _6#14, _7#15, _8#16, _9#17] == Analyzed Logical Plan == gender: string, age1: double, age2: bigint Project [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L] +- Sort [gender#20 DESC, age#21 ASC], true +- Project [gender#20, (age#21 + cast(1 as double)) AS age1#135, cast(age#21 as bigint) AS age2#136L, age#21] +- Project [_1#9 AS affairs#19, _2#10 AS gender#20, _3#11 AS age#21, _4#12 AS yearsmarried#22, _5#13 AS children#23, _6#14 AS religiousness#24, _7#15 AS education#25, _8#16 AS occupatio n#26, _9#17 AS rating#27] +- LocalRelation [_1#9, _2#10, _3#11, _4#12, _5#13, _6#14, _7#15, _8#16, _9#17] == Optimized Logical Plan == Project [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L] +- Sort [gender#20 DESC, age#21 ASC], true +- LocalRelation [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L, age#21] == Physical Plan == *Project [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L] +- *Sort [gender#20 DESC, age#21 ASC], true, 0 +- Exchange rangepartitioning(gender#20 DESC, age#21 ASC, 200) +- LocalTableScan [gender#20, age1#135, age2#136L, age#21]