Android 網路通訊API的選擇和實現例項

KingsLanding發表於2016-01-31
AndroidAPI

　　Android開發網路通訊一開始的時候使用的是AsyncTask封裝HttpClient，沒有使用原生的HttpURLConnection就跳到了Volley，隨著OkHttp的流行又開始遷移到OkHttp上面，隨著Rxjava的流行又瞭解了Retrofit，隨著Retrofit的發展又從1.x到了2.x......。好吧，暫時到這裡。

　　那麼的多的使用工具有時候有點眼花繚亂，今天來總結一下現在比較流行的基於OkHttp 和 Retrofit 的網路通訊API設計方法。有些同學可能要想，既然都有那麼好用的Volley和Okhttp了，在需要用到的地方建立一個Request然後交給RequestQueue（Volley的方式）或者 Call（Okhttp的方式）就行了嗎，為什麼還那麼麻煩？ 但是我認為這種野生的網路庫的用法還是是有很多弊端（弊端就不說了，畢竟是總結新東西），在好的Android架構中都不會出現這樣的程式碼。

　　網路通訊都是非同步完成，設計網路API我覺得首先需要考慮非同步結果的返回機制。基於Okhttp或Retrofit，我們考慮如何返回非同步的返回結果，有幾種方式：

　　1. 直接返回：

　　OkHttp 的返回方式：

OkHttpClient : OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

Request :  Request request = new Request.Builder()
                                        .url("https://api.github.com/repos/square/okhttp/issues")
                                        .header("User-Agent", "OkHttp Headers.java")
                                        .addHeader("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")
                                        .addHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json")
                                        .build();
                                                 
//第一種
Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
// 第二種
client.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(Request request, Throwable throwable) {
                                      
    }
    @Override public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {

    }                                     
}

　　Retrofit 的方式：

interface GitHubService {
  @GET("/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors")
  Call<List<Contributor>> repoContributors(
      @Path("owner") String owner,
      @Path("repo") String repo);
}
Call<List<Contributor>> call =
    gitHubService.repoContributors("square", "retrofit");

response = call.execute();

　　上面的方式適用於野生的返回網路請求的內容。

　　2. 使用事件匯流排（Otto，EventBus，RxBus（自己使用PublishSubject封裝））

　　程式碼來源：https://github.com/saulmm/Material-Movies

public interface MovieDatabaseAPI { /************Retrofit 1.x ，使用非同步的方式返回 ****************/

    @GET("/movie/popular")
    void getPopularMovies(
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        Callback<MoviesWrapper> callback);

    @GET("/movie/{id}")
    void getMovieDetail (
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        @Path("id") String id,
        Callback<MovieDetail> callback
    );

    @GET("/movie/popular")
    void getPopularMoviesByPage(
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        @Query("page") String page,
        Callback<MoviesWrapper> callback
    );

    @GET("/configuration")
    void getConfiguration (
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        Callback<ConfigurationResponse> response
    );

    @GET("/movie/{id}/reviews")
    void getReviews (
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        @Path("id") String id,
        Callback<ReviewsWrapper> response
    );

    @GET("/movie/{id}/images")
    void getImages (
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        @Path("id") String movieId,
        Callback<ImagesWrapper> response
    );
}

　　

public class RestMovieSource implements RestDataSource {

    private final MovieDatabaseAPI moviesDBApi;
    private final Bus bus; /***********使用了Otto**************/

    public RestMovieSource(Bus bus) {

        RestAdapter movieAPIRest = new RestAdapter.Builder() /*** Retrofit 1.x ***/
            .setEndpoint(Constants.MOVIE_DB_HOST)
            .setLogLevel(RestAdapter.LogLevel.HEADERS_AND_ARGS)
            .build();

        moviesDBApi = movieAPIRest.create(MovieDatabaseAPI.class);
        this.bus = bus;
    }

    @Override
    public void getMovies() {

        moviesDBApi.getPopularMovies(Constants.API_KEY, retrofitCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public void getDetailMovie(String id) {

        moviesDBApi.getMovieDetail(Constants.API_KEY, id,
            retrofitCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public void getReviews(String id) {

        moviesDBApi.getReviews(Constants.API_KEY, id,
            retrofitCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public void getConfiguration() {

        moviesDBApi.getConfiguration(Constants.API_KEY, retrofitCallback);
    }

    @Override
    public void getImages(String movieId) {

        moviesDBApi.getImages(Constants.API_KEY, movieId,
            retrofitCallback);
    }

    public Callback retrofitCallback = new Callback() { /******************這裡統一的Callback，根據不同的返回值使用事件匯流排進行返回**************************/
        @Override
        public void success(Object o, Response response) {

            if (o instanceof MovieDetail) {

                MovieDetail detailResponse = (MovieDetail) o;
                bus.post(detailResponse);

            } else if (o instanceof MoviesWrapper) {

                MoviesWrapper moviesApiResponse = (MoviesWrapper) o;
                bus.post(moviesApiResponse);

            } else if (o instanceof ConfigurationResponse) {

                ConfigurationResponse configurationResponse = (ConfigurationResponse) o;
                bus.post(configurationResponse);

            } else if (o instanceof ReviewsWrapper) {

                ReviewsWrapper reviewsWrapper = (ReviewsWrapper) o;
                bus.post(reviewsWrapper);

            } else if (o instanceof ImagesWrapper) {

                ImagesWrapper imagesWrapper = (ImagesWrapper) o;
                bus.post(imagesWrapper);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void failure(RetrofitError error) {

            System.out.printf("[DEBUG] RestMovieSource failure - " + error.getMessage());
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void getMoviesByPage(int page) {

        moviesDBApi.getPopularMoviesByPage(
            Constants.API_KEY,
            page + "",
            retrofitCallback
        );
    }
}

　　

　　3. 返回Observable（這裡也可以考慮直接返回Observable 和間接返回Observable）

　　直接的返回 Observable，在建立 apiService 的時候使用 Retrofit.create(MovieDatabaseAPI)就行了（見下面程式碼）

public interface MovieDatabaseAPI {

    @GET("/movie/popular")
    Observable<MovieWrapper> getPopularMovies(
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        );

    @GET("/movie/{id}")
    Observable<MovideDetail> getMovieDetail (
        @Query("api_key") String apiKey,
        @Path("id") String id,
    );
}　　

　　間接返回Observable，這裡參考了AndroidCleanArchitecture：

public interface RestApi {   /************定義API介面*****************/
  String API_BASE_URL = "http://www.android10.org/myapi/";

  /** Api url for getting all users */
  String API_URL_GET_USER_LIST = API_BASE_URL + "users.json";
  /** Api url for getting a user profile: Remember to concatenate id + 'json' */
  String API_URL_GET_USER_DETAILS = API_BASE_URL + "user_";

  /**
   * Retrieves an {@link rx.Observable} which will emit a List of {@link UserEntity}.
   */
  Observable<List<UserEntity>> userEntityList();

  /**
   * Retrieves an {@link rx.Observable} which will emit a {@link UserEntity}.
   *
   * @param userId The user id used to get user data.
   */
  Observable<UserEntity> userEntityById(final int userId);
}

　　

/**** 使用Rx Observable 實現 RestApi 介面，實際呼叫的是 ApiConnection 裡面的方法  ****/
public class RestApiImpl implements RestApi { /***注意這裡沒有使用Retrofit，而是對上面介面的實現***/

    private final Context context;
    private final UserEntityJsonMapper userEntityJsonMapper;

    /**
     * Constructor of the class
     *
     * @param context {@link android.content.Context}.
     * @param userEntityJsonMapper {@link UserEntityJsonMapper}.
     */
    public RestApiImpl(Context context, UserEntityJsonMapper userEntityJsonMapper) {
        if (context == null || userEntityJsonMapper == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The constructor parameters cannot be null!!!");
        }
        this.context = context.getApplicationContext();
        this.userEntityJsonMapper = userEntityJsonMapper;
    }

    @RxLogObservable(SCHEDULERS)
    @Override
    public Observable<List<UserEntity>> userEntityList() {
        return Observable.create(subscriber -> {
            if (isThereInternetConnection()) {
                try {
                    String responseUserEntities = getUserEntitiesFromApi();
                    if (responseUserEntities != null) {
                        subscriber.onNext(userEntityJsonMapper.transformUserEntityCollection(
                                responseUserEntities));
                        subscriber.onCompleted();
                    } else {
                        subscriber.onError(new NetworkConnectionException());
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    subscriber.onError(new NetworkConnectionException(e.getCause()));
                }
            } else {
                subscriber.onError(new NetworkConnectionException());
            }
        });
    }

    @RxLogObservable(SCHEDULERS)
    @Override
    public Observable<UserEntity> userEntityById(final int userId) {
        return Observable.create(subscriber -> {
            if (isThereInternetConnection()) {
                try {
                    String responseUserDetails = getUserDetailsFromApi(userId);
                    if (responseUserDetails != null) {
                        subscriber.onNext(userEntityJsonMapper.transformUserEntity(responseUserDetails));
                        subscriber.onCompleted();
                    } else {
                        subscriber.onError(new NetworkConnectionException());
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    subscriber.onError(new NetworkConnectionException(e.getCause()));
                }
            } else {
                subscriber.onError(new NetworkConnectionException());
            }
        });
    }

    private String getUserEntitiesFromApi() throws MalformedURLException {
        return ApiConnection.createGET(RestApi.API_URL_GET_USER_LIST).requestSyncCall();
    }

    private String getUserDetailsFromApi(int userId) throws MalformedURLException {
        String apiUrl = RestApi.API_URL_GET_USER_DETAILS + userId + ".json";
        return ApiConnection.createGET(apiUrl).requestSyncCall();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the device has any active internet connection.
     *
     * @return true device with internet connection, otherwise false.
     */
    private boolean isThereInternetConnection() {
        boolean isConnected;

        ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
                (ConnectivityManager) this.context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        isConnected = (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnectedOrConnecting());

        return isConnected;
    }
}

　　

public class ApiConnection implements Callable<String> {  /***********************網路介面的實際實現********************************/

    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_LABEL = "Content-Type";
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_VALUE_JSON = "application/json; charset=utf-8";

    private URL url;
    private String response;

    private ApiConnection(String url) throws MalformedURLException {
        this.url = new URL(url);
    }

    public static ApiConnection createGET(String url) throws MalformedURLException {
        return new ApiConnection(url);
    }

    /**
     * Do a request to an api synchronously.
     * It should not be executed in the main thread of the application.
     *
     * @return A string response
     */
    @Nullable
    public String requestSyncCall() {
        connectToApi();
        return response;
    }

    private void connectToApi() {
        OkHttpClient okHttpClient = this.createClient(); /*******************使用OKhttp的實現*******************/
        final Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(this.url)
                .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE_LABEL, CONTENT_TYPE_VALUE_JSON)
                .get()
                .build();

        try {
            this.response = okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute().body().string();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private OkHttpClient createClient() {
        final OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
        okHttpClient.setReadTimeout(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        okHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(15000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

        return okHttpClient;
    }

    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        return requestSyncCall();
    }
}

　　這裡簡單總結了一下OkHttp和Retrofit該如何封裝，這樣的封裝放在整個大的程式碼框架中具有很好的模組化效果。對於使用MVP架構或者類似架構的APP，良好的網路介面模組封裝是非常重要的。

 

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