SQLite資料庫
HarmonyOS的關係型資料庫基於SQLite
匯入模組
import { relationalStore } from '@kit.ArkData';
實現步驟:
- 獲取RdbStore物件,用於建立資料庫,資料表,以及資料庫升級等操作
let storeConfig = {
name: 'Poetry.db', //資料庫檔名
securityLevel: relationalStore.SecurityLevel.S1, //安全級別
encrypt: false, //是否加密,可選,預設不加密
customDir: '', //自定義路徑,可選,目錄:context.databaseDir + '/rdb/' + customDir
isReadOnly: false, //是否已只讀方式開啟,可選,預設false
}
relationalStore.getRdbStore(this.context, this.storeConfig)
.then(store => {
//建立表
store.executeSql('sql')
//判斷版本
store.version
})
.catch((err: Error) => {
})
- 插入資料
let data :ValuesBucket={
name:"zhangsan",
age: 23,
}
store.insert("tableName",data).then((rowId)=>{
//操作成功返回rowId,否則返回-1
})
store.batchInsert() //用於插入批次資料
- 修改,刪除資料:透過元件提供的謂詞(Predicates)修改或刪除元件
let data :ValuesBucket={
name:"zhangsan",
age: 26,
}
let predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("tableName")
predicates.equalTo("name","zhangsan")
//更新資料
store.update(data,predicates).then((value)=>{
})
//刪除資料
store.delete(predicates).then((value)=>{
})
- 查詢資料
let predicates = new relationalStore.RdbPredicates("tableName")
predicates.equalTo("name","zhangsan")
store.query(predicates).then((resultSet)=>{
while (resultSet.goToNextRow()){
const name = resultSet.getString(resultSet.getColumnIndex("name"))
const age = resultSet.getLong(resultSet.getColumnIndex("age"))
}
resultSet.close()
})
//也可以透過下面介面使用sql查詢
store.querySql(sql: string, bindArgs?: Array<ValueType>): Promise<ResultSet>;
- 備份資料和恢復資料
//備份資料
store.backup("backup.db")
//恢復資料
store.restore("backup.db")
SmartDB
SmartDB與Android中的room元件類似,可以簡化我們資料庫操作的步驟,使程式碼更易維護。
安裝和匯入模組
//安裝模組
ohpm install @liushengyi/smartdb
//匯入模組
import sql from "@liushengyi/smartdb"
定義資料結構:
export class Poetry {
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
uuid?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
title?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
dynasty?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
author?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
introduction?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
text?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
textAlign?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
translation?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
rectify?: string
@sql.SqlColumn(sql.ColumnType.TEXT)
searchKey?: string
}
執行資料庫操作:進行增刪改查、事務操作
export class PoetryDao {
public static TABLE_NAME = "Poetry"
public static SQL_CREATE_TABLE =
"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `Poetry` (`uuid` TEXT NOT NULL, `title` TEXT, `dynasty` TEXT, `author` TEXT, `introduction` TEXT, `text` TEXT, `textAlign` TEXT, `translation` TEXT, `rectify` TEXT, `searchKey` TEXT, PRIMARY KEY(`uuid`))"
@sql.SqlQuery(`select * from ${PoetryDao.TABLE_NAME} where uuid=#{uuid}`)
@sql.ReturnType(Poetry)
queryOne(@sql.Param('uuid') uuid: string): Promise<Poetry> {
return sql.PromiseNull()
}
@sql.SqlQuery(`select count(*) from ${PoetryDao.TABLE_NAME} `)
@sql.ReturnType(Number)
queryCount(): Promise<Number> {
return sql.PromiseNull()
}
@sql.SqlInsert(`insert into ${PoetryDao.TABLE_NAME} values (#{data.uuid},#{data.title},#{data.dynasty},#{data.author},#{data.introduction},#{data.text},#{data.textAlign},#{data.translation},#{data.rectify},#{data.searchKey})`)
insert(@sql.Param('data') data: Poetry): Promise<void> {
return sql.PromiseNull()
}
@sql.Transactional()
async insertPoetryAll(list: Poetry[]) {
for (let item of list) {
await this.insert(item)
}
}
}
資料庫管理:建立資料庫、資料庫升級
export class DatabaseManager {
static readonly DATABASE_VERSION = 1
static readonly DATABASE_NAME = 'poetry.db'
static init(context: Context) {
sql.dbHelper.initDb(context,
DatabaseManager.DATABASE_NAME,
DatabaseManager.DATABASE_VERSION,
new DbOpenHelperImpl()
)
}
}
class DbOpenHelperImpl extends sql.DbOpenHelper {
//建立資料庫
onCreate(db: relationalStore.RdbStore): void {
db.executeSql(PoetryDao.SQL_CREATE_TABLE)
}
//升級資料
onUpgrade(db: relationalStore.RdbStore, oldVersion: number, newVersion: number): void {
}
}
最後在app啟動的時候呼叫初始化方法
export default class EntryAbility extends UIAbility {
onCreate(want: Want, launchParam: AbilityConstant.LaunchParam): void {
hilog.info(0x0000, 'testTag', '%{public}s', 'Ability onCreate');
DatabaseManager.init(this.context)
}
}
資料初始化和使用
將json格式的資料插入到資料庫中
poetryDao: PoetryDao = new PoetryDao()
new Promise<boolean>(async (resolve, reject) => {
try {
let count = await this.poetryDao.queryCount()
if (!count) {
let list = await (await import("resources/rawfile/poetry.json")).default
let poetryArray: Array<Poetry> = []
for (let item of list) {
let poetry = item as Poetry
poetry.uuid = util.generateRandomUUID()
if (poetry.rectify) {
poetry.rectify = JSON.stringify(poetry.rectify)
}
poetryArray.push(poetry)
}
this.poetryDao.insertPoetryAll(poetryArray)
resolve(true)
} else {
resolve(false)
}
} catch (e) {
reject(e)
}
})
讀取資料
//讀取所有資料
new PoetryDao().queryList()
.then((value) => {
})
//讀取一條資料
new PoetryDao().queryOne("id")
.then((value) => {
})
本文的技術設計和實現都是基於作者工作中的經驗總結,如有錯誤,請留言指正,謝謝。