一、索引操作類
1、建立索引（PUT /索引名稱）
PUT /my-index-000001
請求body
{ "settings": { "index": { "number_of_shards": 3, //建立3個主片 "number_of_replicas": 2 //每個主片都會有兩個副本 } } }
未指定mapping的情況下，使用預設的
2、刪除索引（DELETE /索引） （會刪除索引的資料及其配置） DELETE /iotrm_event_event_acs* 表示刪除 iotrm_event_event_acs 開頭的索引
注意：使用 Delete Index API 是不可逆的操作，一旦執行，索引及其所有資料都將被永久刪除
http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29?pretty --- 刪除索引data_iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030403_2024-10-29
3、修改索引
4、檢視某個索引下的文件資料總量（GET /索引名稱/_count）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_cl2event_2024-10-29/_count
{ "count": 155701, "_shards": { "total": 3, "successful": 3, "skipped": 0, "failed": 0 } }
5、檢視所有索引資訊（GET _cat/indices?v&format） --- 包括資料量、佔用大小
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/indices?v
列說明：
- pri:主片數量
- rep:副本數量
- store.size:總共儲存大小（主片+副本）
- pri.store.size：主片大小
6、檢視某個索引資訊（GET _cat/indices/索引名稱?v&format） --- 包括資料量、佔用大小
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/indices/iotrm_event_cl2telemeter_2024-09-20?v
query引數：bytes="b", format="json"
7、關閉所有索引（POST /*/_close） --- 關閉某個索引 將*替換成具體的索引名稱即可，多個明確的索引要關閉的話可以使用逗號隔開
http://10.19.214.13:9200/*/_close
8、開啟所有索引（POST /*/_open） --- 開啟某個索引 將*替換成具體的索引名稱即可，多個明確的索引要開啟的話可以使用逗號隔開
http://10.19.214.13:9200/*/_open
9、檢視一個索引資料實際分佈到各個節點機器的不同分片的情況（GET /_cat/shards/索引名稱）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/shards/iotrm_event_event_towercrane$0x00054001_2024-10-29?v
圖上可以看到這個索引副本都沒有建立
10、檢視一個索引定義資訊，包括 aliases、mappings、settings（GET /索引名稱）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_temperaturetelemeter_2024-10-29
{ "iotrm_event_temperaturetelemeter_2024-10-29": { "aliases": {}, "mappings": { "properties": { "IOTProtocolType": { "type": "long" }, "basic": { "properties": { "IOTProtocolType": { "type": "long" }, "UUID": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "channelIndexCode": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "dateTime": { "type": "date" }, "domain": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "eventType": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "imageServerCode": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "indexCode": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "ipV4Address": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "ipV6Address": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "localIndex": { "type": "long" }, "macAddress": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "resourceCategory": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "sendTime": { "type": "date" } } }, "dataType": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "eventType": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "targetAttrs": { "properties": { "cameraIndexCode": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "customCategory": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "deviceCategory": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "deviceIndexCode": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "deviceName": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "deviceType": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "extendDeviceCode": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "modelId": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "orgPath": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "tenantId": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } } } }, "telemeter": { "properties": { "tag": { "type": "text", "fields": { "keyword": { "type": "keyword", "ignore_above": 256 } } }, "test": { "type": "long" }, "value": { "type": "float" } } } } }, "settings": { "index": { "routing": { "allocation": { "include": { "_tier_preference": "data_content" } } }, "number_of_shards": "3", "provided_name": "iotrm_event_temperaturetelemeter_2024-10-29", "creation_date": "1730365148113", "number_of_replicas": "1", "uuid": "XAQiTzvoTwGDYi2DMGeRJA", "version": { "created": "7100299" } } } } }
11、檢視某個索引的 primary 儲存資訊（GET /索引名稱/_stats/store）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_event_towercrane%240x00054001_2024-10-29/_stats/store
{ "_shards": { "total": 6, "successful": 3, "failed": 0 }, "_all": { "primaries": { "store": { "size_in_bytes": 13069189, "reserved_in_bytes": 0 } }, "total": { "store": { "size_in_bytes": 13069189, "reserved_in_bytes": 0 } } }, "indices": { "iotrm_event_event_towercrane$0x00054001_2024-10-29": { "uuid": "LUuow0N6TCOEvIDnYu1eUQ", "primaries": { "store": { "size_in_bytes": 13069189, "reserved_in_bytes": 0 } }, "total": { "store": { "size_in_bytes": 13069189, "reserved_in_bytes": 0 } } } } }
12、檢視指定索引的統計資訊（GET /索引名稱/_stats）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/iotrm_event_event_towercrane%240x00054001_2024-10-29/_stats
{ "_shards": { "total": 6, "successful": 3, "failed": 0 }, "_all": { "primaries": { "docs": { "count": 36927, "deleted": 5767 }, "store": { "size_in_bytes": 13069189, "reserved_in_bytes": 0 }, "indexing": { "index_total": 0, "index_time_in_millis": 0, "index_current": 0, "index_failed": 0, "delete_total": 1444, "delete_time_in_millis": 98, "delete_current": 0, "noop_update_total": 0, "is_throttled": false, "throttle_time_in_millis": 0 }, "get": { "total": 0, "time_in_millis": 0, "exists_total": 0, "exists_time_in_millis": 0, "missing_total": 0, "missing_time_in_millis": 0, "current": 0 }, "search": { "open_contexts": 0, "query_total": 1328, "query_time_in_millis": 1884, "query_current": 0, "fetch_total": 6, "fetch_time_in_millis": 131, "fetch_current": 0, "scroll_total": 3, "scroll_time_in_millis": 1412, "scroll_current": 0, "suggest_total": 0, "suggest_time_in_millis": 0, "suggest_current": 0 }, "merges": { "current": 0, "current_docs": 0, "current_size_in_bytes": 0, "total": 0, 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"primaries": { "docs": { "count": 36927, "deleted": 5767 }, "store": { "size_in_bytes": 13069189, "reserved_in_bytes": 0 }, "indexing": { "index_total": 0, "index_time_in_millis": 0, "index_current": 0, "index_failed": 0, "delete_total": 1444, "delete_time_in_millis": 98, "delete_current": 0, "noop_update_total": 0, "is_throttled": false, "throttle_time_in_millis": 0 }, "get": { "total": 0, "time_in_millis": 0, "exists_total": 0, "exists_time_in_millis": 0, "missing_total": 0, "missing_time_in_millis": 0, "current": 0 }, "search": { "open_contexts": 0, "query_total": 1328, "query_time_in_millis": 1884, "query_current": 0, "fetch_total": 6, "fetch_time_in_millis": 131, "fetch_current": 0, "scroll_total": 3, "scroll_time_in_millis": 1412, "scroll_current": 0, "suggest_total": 0, "suggest_time_in_millis": 0, "suggest_current": 0 }, "merges": { "current": 0, "current_docs": 0, "current_size_in_bytes": 0, "total": 0, "total_time_in_millis": 0, "total_docs": 0, "total_size_in_bytes": 0, 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二、資料操作類
資料在索引下稱之為文件，以下也稱之為文件
1、查詢某個索引下的所有文件資料（GET /索引/_search）
localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty
2、查詢某個索引下的某個文件ID對應的資料（GET /索引/_doc/文件ID/ ）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/索引/_doc/文件ID
3、修改指定索引下的某個文件（POST 根據文件ID找到對應文件進行修改）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/索引/_doc/文件ID/_update
Postman 呼叫介面更改資料
透過 http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_doc/oxcqTJMBXFMQjG9sdTdP/ 介面 檢視該文件對應的資料
4、刪除指定索引下的某個文件（DELETE /索引/_doc/文件ID）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_doc/SBcoTJMBXFMQjG9sdTZM/
再次根據這個文件ID 檢視是否已經被刪除
5、某個索引下新增一個文件（POST/索引/_doc/docID）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/data_iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_doc/1 在索引 data_iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030403_2024-10-29 下建立一個ID為1的文件資料
檢視新增的資料
6、刪除指定索引下的所有文件（POST /索引/_delete_by_query?pretty）當索引為* 表示刪除所有索引下的所有文件資料
request body
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
示例
elastic head 透過谷歌瀏覽器已經連線上es，可以看到目標索引下的資訊
可以看到索引“iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030403_2024-10-29” 下有36700個文件
當下透過API將刪除該索引下的所有資料
開啟 Postman 輸入 http://10.19.214.13:9200/iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030403_2024-10-29/_delete_by_query?pretty （注意：iotrm_event_event_acs$240x00030403_2024-10-29 索引ID，由於其中含有$，需要將這個字元變成%24 ）
request body
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
由上圖可知刪除了 36700 條資料
重新整理 elastichead 可以看到該索引下的資料
8、統計文件總數（GET _cat/indices）
curl -u elastic:elasticsearch_422 http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/indices |awk 'BEGIN{total=0}{total+=$7}END{print total}'
三、快照倉庫操作類
1、倉庫操作類
1）檢視當前所有的倉庫（GET _snapshot）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/_snapshot
2）註冊倉庫（PUT _snapshot）
{ "type": "fs", "settings": { "location": "/opt/es/backup/iotrm" } }
如果location 的地址在 es 的配置檔案 elasticsearch.yml 中沒有配置，那麼會報下面這個錯誤
[iotrm] location [/opt/es/backup/iotrm] doesn't match any of the locations specified by path.repo
配置
- elasticsearch.yml 中倉庫配置如下：
path.repo: /opt/xx/web/xx/elasticsearch.1/data/backup,/opt/es/backup/iotrm
多個倉庫地址用逗號隔開
- 每個倉庫地址必須和elasticsearch 啟動使用者是同一個，如es 啟動賬號是 es ，分組也是 es，則 這裡 /opt/es/backup/iotrm 需要屬於es，可以透過命令 chown -R es:es /opt/es/backup 設定
- 重啟es服務
如果不將倉庫地址設定成 es 啟動使用者一致，則註冊倉庫會報如下錯誤
註冊
註冊成功的返回資訊如下：
3）刪除已經註冊的快照倉庫（DELETE /_snapshot/倉庫名稱）
4）審查快照倉庫並刪除未被快照引用的過時資料（POST /_snapshot/倉庫名稱/_cleanup）
5）手動校驗快照倉庫是否可用（POST _snapshot/倉庫名稱/_verify）
2、快照操作類
1）檢視某個倉庫下所有快照（GET _snapshot/倉庫名稱/*）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_snapshot/iotrm/*
2）在某個倉庫下建立快照（PUT _snapshot/倉庫名/快照名稱?wait_for_completion=true）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_snapshot/iotrm/%3Ciotrm-%7Bnow%7ByyyyMMddHHmmss%7D%7D%3E?wait_for_completion=true 快照名稱可以配置時間格式，%3Ciotrm-%7Bnow%7ByyyyMMddHHmmss%7D%7D%3E 實際是：<iotrm-{now{yyyyMMddHHmmss}}>
請求body
{ "include_global_state": false, "indices":["iotrm*"], "metadata": { "taken_by": "wangfang5", "taken_because": "iotrm,backup test" } }
表示將 iotrm 開頭的所有索引進行備份
返回內容
"snapshot": { "snapshot": "iotrm-20241203072538", "uuid": "idfOxhbCR961R6o3IiKpKQ", "version_id": 7100299, "version": "7.10.2", "indices": [ "iotrm_xx_2024-09-12", "iotrm_xx", "iotrm_yy", "iotrm_xx$0x00070101_2024-11-30", "iotrm_yy_2024-09-12" ], "data_streams": [], "include_global_state": false, "metadata": { "taken_by": "wangfang5", "taken_because": "iotrm,backup test" }, "state": "SUCCESS", "start_time": "2024-12-03T07:25:38.909Z", "start_time_in_millis": 1733210738909, "end_time": "2024-12-03T07:29:24.148Z", "end_time_in_millis": 1733210964148, "duration_in_millis": 225239, "failures": [], "shards": { "total": 5, "failed": 0, "successful": 5 } } }
3）還原某個倉庫下的快照（POST _snapshot/倉庫名稱/快照名稱/_restore?wait_for_completion=true）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/_snapshot/iotrm/iotrm-20241203072538/_restore?wait_for_completion=true
響應內容
{ "snapshot": { "snapshot": "iotrm-20241203072538", "indices": [
"iotrm_xx_2024-09-12",
"iotrm_xx",
"iotrm_yy",
"iotrm_xx$0x00070101_2024-11-30",
"iotrm_yy_2024-09-12"
], "shards": { "total": 5, "failed": 0, "successful": 5} } }
4) 從某個倉庫的某個快照進行還原，但是指定還原的索引（POST _snapshot/倉庫名稱/快照名稱/_restore?wait_for_completion=true）
http://10.19.214.13:9200/_snapshot/total/all-20241203124406/_restore?wait_for_completion=true
請求body
{ "indices": "test_event_illuminancetelemeter" }
響應body
{ "snapshot": { "snapshot": "all-20241203124406", "indices": [ "test_event_illuminancetelemeter" ], "shards": { "total": 3, "failed": 0, "successful": 3 } } }
5）在某個倉庫下刪除快照（DELETE /_snapshot/倉庫名稱/快照名稱）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_snapshot/es_data_repository/es_data_repository-20241128000000
四、節點操作類
1、查詢所有節點的索引搜尋資訊（GET /_nodes/stats/indices/search）
2、查詢節點資源佔用情況（GET /_cat/nodes）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cat/nodes?format=json
也可以使用引數 v&format 控制輸出格式
3、檢視版本資訊（GET /）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/
還可以透過 elasticsearch 工具查詢：elasticsearch --version
五、叢集
1、檢視叢集健康資訊（GET /_cluster/health）
http://10.19.223.119:9200/_cluster/health
2、檢視某個索引在叢集內的分片健康狀態（GET _cluster/health/索引名稱?level=shards）
http://10.19.214.18:9200/_cluster/health/iotrm_event_event_acs%240x00030219_2024-09-12?level=shards
{ "cluster_name": "hik-ga-es", "status": "yellow", "timed_out": false, "number_of_nodes": 1, "number_of_data_nodes": 1, "active_primary_shards": 3, "active_shards": 3, "relocating_shards": 0, "initializing_shards": 0, "unassigned_shards": 3, "delayed_unassigned_shards": 0, "number_of_pending_tasks": 0, "number_of_in_flight_fetch": 0, "task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis": 0, "active_shards_percent_as_number": 54.51327433628319, "indices": { "iotrm_event_event_acs$0x00030219_2024-09-12": { "status": "yellow", "number_of_shards": 3, #3個主分片 "number_of_replicas": 1, #1個副本，即每個主片都有一個副本 "active_primary_shards": 3, "active_shards": 3, "relocating_shards": 0, "initializing_shards": 0, "unassigned_shards": 3, #3個分片未分配，這是因為這是單es節點，而該索引建立的時候指明瞭需要1個副本，因此這裡3表示未分配3個副本分片 "shards": { "0": { "status": "yellow", "primary_active": true, "active_shards": 1, "relocating_shards": 0, "initializing_shards": 0, "unassigned_shards": 1 }, "1": { "status": "yellow", "primary_active": true, "active_shards": 1, "relocating_shards": 0, "initializing_shards": 0, "unassigned_shards": 1 }, "2": { "status": "yellow", "primary_active": true, "active_shards": 1, "relocating_shards": 0, "initializing_shards": 0, "unassigned_shards": 1 } } } } }