prometheus監控+alertmanager告警

难止汗發表於2024-03-07

prometheus監控+alertmanager告警

配置告警規則

　　1、建立規則目錄

mkdir /usr/local/prometheus/rules

　　2、編寫告警規則檔案。

　　vim /usr/local/prometheus/rules/rule.yml

#新增以下配置
groups:
- name: instance-abnormal
  rules:
  - alert: POD新增告警！
    expr: |
      kube_pod_status_ready{condition="true"} == 0
      and on(pod)
      kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total == 0
    for: 60s
    labels:
      name: instance
      severity: Warning
      instance: "{{ $labels.pod }}"
    annotations:
      summary: "k8s叢集告警！"
      description: "{{ $labels.pod }} 為新增節點！"

  - alert: POD重啟告警！
    expr: |
      kube_pod_status_ready{condition="true"} == 0
      and on(pod)
      kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total > 0
    for: 60s
    labels:
      name: instance
      severity: Critical
    annotations:
      summary: "k8s叢集POD重啟！"
      description: "{{ $labels.pod }} 正在重啟！"

- name: instance-down
  rules:
  - alert: k8s叢集節點down！
    expr: |
      kube_node_status_condition{condition="Ready",status="true"} == 0
    for: 60s
    labels:
      severity: Critical
    annotations:
      summary: "k8s叢集{{ $labels.node }}節點down!"
      description: "{{ $labels.node }} 節點不可用，請儘快檢查!"

- name: resource-status
  rules:
  - alert: POD cpu使用率過高！
    expr: |
      sum by (pod, namespace)(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{name!=""}[60s])) /
      sum by (pod,namespace) (kube_pod_container_resource_limits{resource="cpu"}) > 0.8
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: Warning
    annotations:
      summary: "CPU使用率超過80%!"
      description: "{{ $labels.pod }} CPU使用率超過80%，已超過1分鐘，請檢查!"

  - alert: POD記憶體使用率過高！
    expr: |
      sum by (pod, namespace)(rate(container_memory_usage_bytes{name!=""}[60s])) /
      sum by (pod,namespace) (kube_pod_container_resource_limits{resource="memory"}) > 0.8
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: Warning
    annotations:
      summary: "記憶體使用率超過80%!"
      description: "{{ $labels.pod }} 記憶體使用率超過80%，已超過1分鐘，請檢查!"

  - alert: 主機cpu使用率過高！
    expr: 100 - (avg(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[1m])) * 100)
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: Warning
    annotations:
      summary: "{{ $labels.pod }} CPU使用率超過80%!"
      description: "{{ $labels.pod }} CPU使用率超過80%，已超過1分鐘，請檢查!"

  - alert: 主機記憶體使用率過高！
    expr: |
      sum by (pod, namespace)(rate(container_memory_usage_bytes{name!=""}[60s])) /
      sum by (pod,namespace) (kube_pod_container_resource_limits{resource="memory"}) > 0.8
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: Warning
    annotations:
      summary: "{{ $labels.node}} 記憶體使用率超過80%!"
      description: "{{ $labels.node }} 記憶體使用率超過80%，已超過1分鐘，請檢查!"

  - alert: 主機磁碟使用率過高！
    expr: |
      sum by (pod, namespace)(rate(container_memory_usage_bytes{name!=""}[60s])) /
      sum by (pod,namespace) (kube_pod_container_resource_limits{resource="memory"}) > 0.8
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: Warning
    annotations:
      summary: "{{ $labels.node }} 磁碟使用率超過80%!"
      description: "{{ $labels.node }} 磁碟使用率超過80%，已超過1分鐘，請檢查!"

　　根據自己的需求配置。

　　3、新增prometheus配置。

　　vim /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

#新增以下配置
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:9093

rule_files:
  - "/usr/local/prometheus/rules/rule.yml"

　　4、重新載入prometheus

curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload

部署alertmanager

　　1、下載alertmanager

wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.26.0/alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

　　2、解壓、移動到安裝目錄、配置版本軟連線。

tar -zxf alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv alertmanager-0.26.0.linux-amd64 /opt/alertmanager-0.26.0
ln -s /opt/alertmanager-0.26.0 /usr/local/alertmanager

　　3、配置systemd管理

　　vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/alertmanager.service

[Unit]
Description=Alertmanager Service
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager \
--storage.path=/usr/local/alertmanager/data \
--config.file=/usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　4、啟動alertmanager，設定為開機啟動

systemctl start alertmanager
systemctl enable alertmanager

配置郵件告警

　　1、修改alertmanager.yml配置，配置郵箱告警。

　　vim /usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

#修改檔案內容
global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.139.com:25'        # smtp地址，配置前需要檢查郵箱是否有開通SMTP,25埠是否通
  smtp_from: 'xxxxxxxx@139.com'            # 傳送郵件的郵箱地址
  smtp_auth_username: 'xxxxxxxx'           # 郵箱使用者
  smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxxxxx'           # 郵箱密碼，這裡需要配置的是客戶端授權碼，開通SMTP時會生成，有過期時間，過期了需要去郵箱系統裡重置。
  smtp_require_tls: false　　　　　　　　　　　# 是否開啟加密連線，預設為true

route:
  group_by: ["alertname"]                  # 分組
  group_wait: 30s                          # 告警等待，等待30秒內的其他告警資訊統一傳送，傳送之後，需要等待group_interval的時間後才再次傳送。
  group_interval: 5m                       # 2次傳送警告資訊之間的間隔時間
  repeat_interval: 1h                      # 同一條報警資訊，重複傳送的間隔時間
  receiver: email                          # 接收器名稱，與receivers中的name對應。

receivers:
- name: 'email'                            # 接收器名稱
  email_configs:
  - to: 'xxxxxxxx@qq.com'                  # 接收郵件的郵箱地址

　　2、重啟alertmanager

systemctl restart alertmanager

配置釘釘告警

　　1、下載釘釘通知系統工具

wget https://github.com/timonwong/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/releases/download/v2.1.0/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

　　2、解壓、移動至安裝目錄，建立軟連線

tar -zxf prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0
ln -s /opt/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk-2.1.0 /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk

　　3、建立釘釘告警模板

mkdir /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/templates
vim /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/templates/service.tmpl

　　在service.tmpl檔案中加入以下配置

{{ template "service.title" . }}

{{ define "service.title" }}
{{ template "__subject" . }}
{{ end }}

{{ define "__subject" }}
[{{ .Status | toUpper }}{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}:{{ .Alerts.Firing | len }}{{ end }}]
{{ end }}

{{ template "service.content" . }}
{{ define "service.content" }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 }}
========監控到{{ .Alerts.Firing | len  }}個故障========
{{ template "__alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
---
{{ end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 }}
========已恢復{{ .Alerts.Resolved | len  }}個故障========
{{ template "__resolved_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
---
{{ end }}
{{ end }}

{{ define "__alert_list" }}{{ range . }}
---
    **告警型別**: {{ .Labels.alertname }}
    **告警級別**: {{ .Labels.severity }}
    **告警狀態**: {{ .Status }}
    **告警主題**: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
    **告警詳情**: {{ .Annotations.description }}
    **觸發時間**: {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}

{{ define "__resolved_list" }}{{ range . }}
---
    **告警型別**: {{ .Labels.alertname }}
    **告警級別**: {{ .Labels.severity }}
    **告警狀態**: {{ .Status }}
    **告警主題**: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
    **告警詳情**: {{ .Annotations.description }}
    **觸發時間**: {{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
    **恢復時間**: {{ (.EndsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
{{ end }}{{ end }}

　　4、修改配置檔案

cp /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.example.yml /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml 
vim /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml

　　修改config.yml檔案

templates:
  - /usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/templates/*.tmpl

targets:
  webhook1:
    url: https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=xxxxxxxx
    message:
      title: '{{ template "service.title" . }}'
      text:  '{{ template "service.content" . }}'

　　xxxxxxxx為釘釘機器人的token

　　5、配置systemd管理指令碼

[Unit]
Description=prometheus webhook dingtalk
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk \
--config.file=/usr/local/prometheus-webhook-dingtalk/config.yml

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　　6、啟動服務，設定為開機啟動

systemctl start dingtalk
systemctl enable dingtalk

　　7、修改alertmanager配置，告警資訊同時傳送到郵箱和釘釘

　　vim /usr/local/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

　　修改為以下配置

global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m

route:
  group_by: ['alertname']
  group_wait: 10s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 2h
  receiver: 'default'


  routes:
  - receiver: 'email'
    continue: true                                              # 繼續匹配後續路由
  - receiver: 'dingding'
    continue: true                                              # 如果有其他接收者也需要接收，可以繼續新增

receivers:
- name: 'default'
- name: 'email'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'xxxxxxx@qq.com'                                         #接收告警資訊郵件郵箱
    from: 'xxxxxxxx@139.com'                                     #傳送郵件資訊郵箱
    smarthost: 'smtp.139.com:25'               
    auth_username: 'xxxxxxxx'
    auth_password: 'xxxxxxxx'
    require_tls: false
    send_resolved: true                                          #傳送恢復資訊

- name: 'dingding'
  webhook_configs:
  - url: 'http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8060/dingtalk/webhook1/send'    #prometheus-webhook-dingtalk服務地址
    send_resolved: true                                          # 當告警恢復時，也傳送通知

　　8、重啟alertmanager

systemctl restart alertmanager

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prometheus監控+alertmanager告警

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